The Danubian and northern Italian lowlands are thus mountain-ringed islands. As glaciers receded from the area, they left a number of distinct physical features, including abundant marshlands, lakes, and fjords. Flag. This honor goes to Gouffre Mirolda in France. Only Oceania has less landmass. To contact our editors please use our contact form. These regional labels are used more for identification than for regional analysis. Even though the country borders have been redrawn since the Soviet days, the continental borders never have. Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. Milan is also home to important European fashion magazines, such as Grazia, Vogue Italia, and Vera.German automotive design has a global reputation for excellence and prestige. Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland. The financial and diplomatic success of the EU has led to its rapid growth across the continent.The euro is one of the strongest currencies in the world. Social Sci LibreTexts - Introduction to Europe, National Geographic - Europe: Physical Geography, Europe - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Europe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), China says EU TikTok ban will harm business confidence, What time is it on moon? There are more bicycles than people in the country (22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people). The U.K. also includes Northern Ireland, which is on another island. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Kazakhstan. El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente. 2. National Geographic News: New Fault Found in EuropeMay 'Close Up' Adriatic Sea, National Geographic News: Volcanic Ash Stops Europe FlightsWhy Ash Is Dangerous, European Environment Agency: European Land Cover, National Geographic Education: Mapping EuropeLand Mammal Range. Let's take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. Xenophobia is an intense dislike or fear of people from other places or cultures.Two events demonstrate this debate. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. The city is home to the headquarters of luxury brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and Prada. Latin, the language of Rome, evolved into French in the western region, and Italian in the south. A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. This description is simplified. With its central European location but geographic remoteness, the Alps region developed into a unique crossroads for Europes dominant languages, and a refuge for its archaic languages. Europes eastern boundary, however, is not a cultural, political, or economic discontinuity on the land comparable, for example, to the insulating significance of the Himalayas, which clearly mark a northern limit to South Asian civilization. Understanding Europe's Topography. Ancient Greeks also believed reigning gods imprisoned lesser gods underneath the volcanoes. Its major peninsulas include Jutland and the Scandinavian, Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas. International economic and military organizations developed on either side of the Iron Curtain. Glaciers are found in a surprisingly large number of European countries, including Iceland, Norway, Spain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. These features typically include natural formations such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys. Europes largest and longest river is the Volga. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. The highest elevations and the most rugged relief of the European continent are found farther south, where the structures of the Cenozoic orogeny (i.e., from the past 66 million years) provide mountain scenery. Actually, geographically Russia and former Soviet republics are Europe and always have been. I think this makes it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe. Glaciation too has left its mark over wide areas, and the processes of erosion and deposition have created a highly variegated and compartmentalized countryside. Por favor, active JavaScript. Only hill masses less than 800 feet (240 metres) in height rise gently within the Russian (East European) Plain, which continues northward into Finland, westward into the North European Plain, and southward in the Romanian, Bulgarian, and Hungarian plains. Yet it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that modern science was able to draw with some precision the geologic and geographic lineaments of the European continent, the peoples of which had meanwhile achieved domination overand set in motion vast countervailing movements amongthe inhabitants of much of the rest of the globe (see Western colonialism). Steppe plains cover the north of Kazakhstan. European countries saw an increase in immigration after World War II. This includes Morriscastle and Ballinesker beaches. Turku officials hope to inspire other European countries to undertake similar projects.Europe also strengthens ties between its diverse peoples and cultures by supporting multilingual education. Some of these facts about Europe are newer than others. Historically, Europe has been a center of immigration. Automobile companies such as BMW, Mercedes, and Audi are known throughout the world for creating cars with dynamic designs and an engaging driving experience. Lands lying at high elevations can, of course, be lands of low relief, but on the European continent relief tends to become more rugged as elevation increases. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. As a continent with hugely diverse topography, the geographical facts about Europe are going to be an interesting collection. At its largest, Rome controlled approximately 6.5 million square kilometers (2.5 million square miles) of land.The Roman approach to conquering and controlling territory is often considered to be the basis of Western imperialism. There is ongoing debate on where the geographical centre of Europe falls. The Netherlands shares its maritime borders with UK and France. Topography is the study of the Earth's surface. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. Yet the peninsular and insular western extremity of the continent, thrusting toward the North Atlantic Ocean, providesthanks to its latitude and its physical geographya relatively genial human habitat, and the long processes of human history came to mark off the region as the home of a distinctive civilization. It is 1733 meters (5,686 feet) deep and is located near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the area of the Savoy Alps close to the village of Samoens. Europe's population is 741.4 million people. Greater relief is found in those areas in the heart of western and central Europe where uplifted and faulted massifs survive from the Hercynian orogeny, a late Paleozoic period of mountain formation. The proportion of people older than 65 will grow from 16 percent to 28 percent. Topography Facts - Earth Science. From the Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily settled. Europe also supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions. She or he will best know the preferred format. Nations that use the euro as a unit of currency are called the eurozone.Leadership of the EU, split among different branches and institutions, is a working model of international cooperation. Table of contents: The Tallest Mountain in Europe The Largest Lake in Europe The Longest River in Europe The Highest Waterfall in Europe The Longest Beach in Europe The Deepest Cave in Europe The Tallest Volcano in Europe Biggest Glacier in Europe In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. Glaciation is the process of land being transformed by glaciers or ice sheets. Flora & FaunaMuch like its physical regions, Europe's plant and animal communities follow a general north-south orientation. 33 forms the majority of the population while 54 are ethnic minorities. In 2000 the population was 857 million, using a definition which includes the whole of the transcontinental countries of Russia and Turkey. Eastern Europe is everything east of Germany, Austria, and Italy. Some geographical texts refer to a Eurasian continent given that Europe is not surrounded by sea and its southeastern border has always been variously defined for centuries. The major peninsula of Scandinavia is mostly upland and highland, with its relief greatest at the descent to the Norwegian fjords and the sea; eastward and southward the seas are approached more gently. The European Union has established the Schengen Areaa zone where Europeans can travel from country to country without having to show their passports. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Europe's most significant geological feature is the dichotomy between the highlands and mountains of Southern Europe and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Great Britain in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. The eastward limits now adopted by most geographers exclude the Caucasus region and encompass a small portion of Kazakhstan, where the European boundary formed by the northern Caspian coast is connected to that of the Urals by Kazakhstans Emba River and Mughalzhar (Mugodzhar) Hills, themselves a southern extension of the Urals. The Volga River in Russia is Europe's longest river. Updates? The EU accepts few candidates: member states must maintain a stable, democratic form of government, a free-market economy, and commitment to the rule of law.The rapid growth of the European Union, however, has caused a number of administrative and political tensions. Furthermore, the Mediterranean coastlands of North Africa and southwestern Asia also exhibit some European physical and cultural affinities. You can actually get very close to the falls and safely, thanks to a well maintained hiking trail. As a conceptual construct, Europa, as the more learned of the ancient Greeks first conceived it, stood in sharp contrast to both Asia and Libya, the name then applied to the known northern part of Africa. The highest points reached in Norway and Sweden are, respectively, Galdh Peak (8,100 feet [2,469 metres]) and Mount Kebne (6,926 feet [2,111 metres]). This is a main theme of The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, in which these key elements of the sea both help and hurt the hero.Other cultures developed around the unique resources at their disposal. These revolutions eventually lead to the end of the Cold War, symbolized by the falling of the Berlin Wall in 1989.Contemporary IssuesEurope is now broadly defined in the context of the European Union (EU), an economic and political body officially created by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. I think the same issue applies to Turkey, which unlike Russia sees itself as belonging more to Europe than Asia, politically and economically. The major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex, and the Barents Sea. Swiss-Italian is distinguishable from Italian.Romansch, an endangered language, is also derived from Latin. Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. As to the territorial limits of Europe, they may seem relatively clear on its seaward flanks, but many island groups far to the north and westSvalbard, the Faroes, Iceland, and the Madeira and Canary islandsare considered European, while Greenland (though tied politically to Denmark) is conventionally allocated to North America. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.Western UplandsThe Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. Examination of Turkey's topographic structure on a physical map of the world shows clearly the . If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. France is known for being a world power and has been an economic and cultural center of Europe for hundreds of years. In order to distinguish herds, families and communities developed a pattern of cuts and notches on the animals ears.Reindeer were also the Samis main method of transporting goods during their nomadic journeys. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Read important geography facts about Ireland and information about Ireland's landscapes, topography, and coastline. The Anatolian peninsula is the westernmost point of Asia, divided from Europe by the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits. World War II also left more than 40 million refugees, contributed to the independence of European colonies throughout the world, and devastated the urban infrastructure of many European cities.As a result of the devastation of World War II, Western Europes leadership in global politics diminished. These events had a devastating effect on Denmarks reputation as a progressive and welcoming country. The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. In spite of its internal diversity, Europe has thus functioned, from the time it first emerged in the human consciousness, as a world apart, concentratingto borrow a phrase from Christopher Marloweinfinite riches in a little room.. Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. The cold water surrounding northern Britain and Scandinavia is home to unique species of cold-water corals. China says a ban on the use of TikTok by official European Union institutions will harm business confidence in Europe, With more lunar missions than ever on the horizon, the European Space Agency wants to give the moon its own time zone, The death toll has risen to at least 63 in the migrant tragedy off Italys southern coast after rescue crews recovered several more bodies, Shares have opened lower in Europe after a mixed session in Asia following a reprieve on Wall Street from recent selling pressure driven by worries over inflation and interest rates, Spain is building on its reputation in renewable energy to position itself as Europes future leader in green hydrogen. Volcanic rocks add to the diversity of those regions. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. World War I (1914-1918) left about 16 million people dead. This rescue package has caused tensions to rise between economically competitive countries and the indebted countries that they are helping to rescue. The population within the standard physical geographical boundaries was 701 million in 2005 according to the United Nations. Some critics argue these attitudes are xenophobic. These projected changes will have two major effects: There will be a smaller work force to create a dynamic and industrious economy, and governments and citizens will have to care for more elderly people.These changes will affect different regions of Europe in different ways. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south.Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. From there it flows to the Caspian Sea. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. It is one of the biggest glaciers in the world, covering almost 9,000 sq km (3,500 square miles). The country is also home to a number of outstanding schools for automotive design, such as the Hochschule Esslingen and Hochschule Pforzheim.Political GeographyEuropes long history and economic progress have been shaped by its political geography. It is the smallest country both in size and population. 3. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europes physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.Cultural GeographyEurope has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. A fjord is a long and narrow inlet of the sea that is surrounded by high, rugged cliffs. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians.High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region. On February 17, 2008, the province of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became Europe's youngest country. The city of Milan is regarded as a major fashion capital, hosting an international fashion week twice a year. 5 x Fun Facts about Europe The longest town name in Europe is Lanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogo, in Wales The Czech Republic is the most beer-drinking country per capita There are more UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe than any other continent in the world The highest toilet can be found at Mount Blanc Fewer than a million people are fluent in Romansch. Ireland: geography and landscape. Reindeer herding is still an important aspect of Sami culture, which continues to thrive in northern Scandinavia and Russias Kola Peninsula.Distinct physical features had a lasting impact on how European cultures communicated with each other. Another important physical feature is the southeast-northwest zone of windblown loess deposits that have accumulated from eastern Britain to Ukraine. Many of the most socially and economically powerful elements of these societies will be led by immigrants.Developing countries, such as those in eastern and southern Europe, are expected to bear the worst of the depopulation trend. Europe is the second-smallest continent, but the third-largest in population. Regional climatic contrasts nevertheless exist: oceanic, Mediterranean, and continental types occur widely, as do gradations from one to the other. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. In fact, the most famous symbol of the Iron Curtain was the Berlin Wall, which divided the East German city of Berlin into western and eastern-controlled parts.The economic and political demise of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Iron Curtain in the late 1980s. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Eastward, mainland Europe widens much like the mouth of a funnel, until the boundary with Asia is reached at the Ural Mountains and Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and the Caucasus Mountains. Most extensive between the Baltic and White seas in the north and the Black, Azov, and Caspian seas in the south, the lowland area narrows westward, lying to the south of the northwestern highlands; it is divided also by the English Channel and the mountains and plateaus of central Europe. More than half of Europe consists of lowlands, standing mostly below 600 feet (180 metres) but infrequently rising to 1,000 feet (300 metres). The EU works to create a unified structure for social, environmental, military, and economic policies of its member states.Today, the European Union is composed of 27 member states, with new members mainly coming from central and eastern Europe. 84% of people in the Netherlands own at least one bicycle. Most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape. Today, this cultural wealth is used to solidify the European Community and is exported to the rest of the world as one of the continents greatest global assets.Historic CulturesIndigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the varied geography of Europe. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, and North Macedonia constitute a contiguous landlocked agglomeration of eight countries in Central Europe and the Balkans, stretching from Geneva all the way to Skopje. Iceland is usually included in Europe because it is over twice as close to mainland Europe as mainland North America. Europe is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas", to draw attention to the fact that Europe is a relatively small, elongated appendage to Asia, and that a large part of Europe is made up of peninsulas. Please enable JavaScript. Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. In many places, including the Mediterranean and North seas, waters have been overfished. Longest beach The longest beach in Ireland is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore Point to The Raven Point. Southward of the limits of the northern glacial ice are vales and hills, with the Paris and London basins typical examples. Estos incluyen el aumento del nivel del mar; la reduccin de los glaciares de montaa; aceleracin del derretimiento del hielo en Groenlandia, la Antrtida y el rtico; y cambios en los . Among the struggling economies that may suffer from carbon emission limits are Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova.Thus, it seems that Europes historic disparities between north and south, west and east, will continue to widen in the future. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. The map was produced using a Lambert conformal conic projection, with standard parallels at 40 degrees north . The word democracy has Greek roots: demos-, meaning people, and -kratos, meaning power. Prominent Greek philosophers, such as Socrates and Plato, discussed democratic ideals in their writings. The topography of the country is divided very clearly between the hilly Oesling of the . Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents. Land relief in Europe shows great variation within relatively small areas. It covers an area of 357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi). The overall population of Europe is set to drop from roughly 590 million to 542 million by 2050. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. The boundary continues to the Caspian Sea, the crest of the Caucasus Mountains (or, less commonly, the river Kura in the Caucasus), and on to the Black Sea. The creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the EU in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of the continents countries. The empire of ancient Rome, at its greatest extent in the 2nd century ce, revealed, and imprinted its culture on, much of the face of the continent. Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. The highest peaks in those ranges are Mount Corno (9,554 feet [2,912 metres]) in the Abruzzi Apennines, Bobotov Kuk (8,274 feet [2,522 metres]) in the Dinaric Alps, Mount Botev (7,795 feet [2,376 metres]) in the Balkan Mountains, Gerlachovsk Peak (Gerlach; 8,711 feet [2,655 metres]) in the Western Carpathians, and Mount Moldoveanu (8,346 feet [2,544 metres]) in the Transylvanian Alps. 2. More than 200 languages are spoken in Europe. Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. These physical features allowed for early communication, travel, and agricultural development. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Only North Korea has such high literacy rates as Ukraine. Geography of Europe Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. Population growth in Europe is rather minimal with minimal age comparatively high. Thrace is the western part of Turkey on the European continent.. Ive enjoyed my journey through some facts of European geography hope you did too! The language survives in Switzerland because of the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today. It includes parts of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), and Belarus.Most of the Great European Plain lies below 152 meters (500 feet) in elevation. Intense trade introduced many species, which often overtook native plants. Europes largest islands and archipelagoes include Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, the British Isles, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Crete, and Cyprus. The Apennines, Dinaric Alps, and Balkan Mountains, as well as the arc-shaped Carpathian Mountains and their southern portion, the Transylvanian Alps, also exhibit high elevations. Le site web de CORDIS ncessite lactivation de JavaScript pour fonctionner correctement. An arc of uplands also exists along the northwestern seaboard, beginning in southwestern Ireland, continuing across through western and northern Great Britain, and up along the mountainous, fjord-cut spine of Norway. Check out this amazing list of Austria facts that include history, food, culture, and more. These ideas have been tested during times of peace and military conflict, and continue to be redefined today.Historic IssuesEuropes early political history can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome, both of which profoundly affected how Western civilizations govern their territories and citizens.Described as the birthplace of democracy, ancient Greece revolved around the polis, or city-state. The program has provided a lasting economic boost to cities and regions, raised their international profiles, and enhanced their images in the eyes of their own inhabitants.Each year, two or three cities are chosen to produce a year-long program of cultural events. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. You cannot download interactives. Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe. The consensus is, however, that the largest glacier in Europe is the Vatnajokull glacier in Iceland. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south (west to east) by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Kuma-Manych Depression, and the Caspian Sea. Topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief. In the face of an economic crisis, EU citizens of poorer member countries, such as the Roma of Bulgaria and Romania, often migrate to more developed EU countries in search of work. Early Europeans, in fact, shaped global ideas of citizenship and government. Both in size 5 facts about europe's topography population manual or other sources if you have about. Will grow from 16 percent to 28 percent ethnic minorities download or save the media northern plains are delimited the. 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