Steel balls bounce higher than rubber balls. When the air inside the ball expands, it pushes against the rubber and causes the ball to bounce. The tennis balls bounce in different ways. What was the outcome? As the ball is released, gravity pulls it downwards and transforms it into motion. Observe the height of the 1st rebound height of the tennis ball. Our Experts won't do the work for you, but they will make suggestions, offer guidance, and help you troubleshoot. Now, take your video and watch it to gather your data. The air in the ball expands and contracts as it is compressed. Our team of volunteer scientists can help. Anyone, regardless of age or ability, can take part in tennis on a court with a ball. Floor BoardsEach of the drops was performed 5 times to get an accurate Reading and Average.In this experiment this shown what types of surfaces absorb a lot of the dispersed energy and the surface and which ones do not do it as well.This was done on iMovie and took 2 Hours to Create.So Please Enjoy! As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s2it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. The strength of Nadals forehand is what makes him so good on clay. the higher it popped up into the air. As there is more GPE more energy is converted into KE (The ball is going faster, KE=1/2mv. The ball weighs exactly 2.5g. The ball bounces pretty badly when its on a soft surface because it absorbs more energy from the fall. STEP4 - Watch as the smaller ball flies off into the air! or carpet. The colder, the lower the ball bounces, and vice versa. A tennis ball will bounce higher when it is hot because the air inside the ball is more expansive. This means that the higher h. will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. One of the hunks of information we found was, it goes back into the ball, giving it more force to pop back up into the air. Use the pressure gauge to release some of the air pressure from the ball. ball bounced 6 inches. Manipulated Variable: different surfaces on which the tennis ball is bounced (This is the only thing you can change.) Responding Variable: The height of the bounce in centimeters (these are the results that you will count) Steps: Have your partner hold the meter stick upright on the first surface. Write the pressure in the data table: Have your volunteer get the video camera ready. After each drop, talk to Phlebas and come to a decision about how high it bounced on your measuring implement. Balls bounce in ways that are affected by gravity. This will be a table tennis ball. Bouncing Ball Investigation This is an experiment to investigate bouncing balls and how they behave in different situations. This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. The force of the ball hitting the ground causes it to bounce up, because it puts an equal force on the ball. (2020, November 20). A ball bounces in an arc, so measure the height at the top of the arc of the first bounce. It should be on a smooth cement surface for optimal ball bouncing. Grades: Preschool and K-2. What do you think this means about your results? METHOD: 1. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. However, it was the basketball It is important to let the ball fall out of your hands, and not to push it down with your hands, wrists, or arms. Also the mass of the ball affects the chances of the ball reaching its terminal velocity. Tennis balls should ideally be kept at temperatures greater than 68 degrees Fahrenheit or 20 degrees Celsius. The Physics of Grass, Clay, and Cement. As the ball flattening upon impact with the floor is not visible as it happens so quickly it would be almost impossible to measure the size of the ball on impact with the floor. Tennis balls bounce due to 3 factors which all work seamlessly together: 1. As they are pushed about, the molecules in the ball collide with and rub across each other." It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. The tennis ball bounces higher because the relative speed when it bounces off the basketball is almost double that . For the lower heights the flight time of the ball was extremely short and again it was difficult to move ones head over the distance from h1 to h2 in order to obtain accurate results. Science Buddies: Pilobolus Spore Sac Launch. The maximum height will have to be less than two meters as that is the maximum height that the equipment allows. The ball gains energy of motion, known as kinetic energy. Click the "Experiment" button to find out! Materials 1. This is why it. Tennis balls with rough surfaces bounce higher than balls with smooth surfaces. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). Use the pressure gauge to release some of the air pressure from the ball. In the heat, the molecules are more active, so the ball can bounce higher . Let's see if physics can explain what happens. However the conditions were kept the same for each drop of the ball. that bounced the highest on the smooth concrete. Length of Lesson: 30 - 45 minutes. Record this result in your assignment book under trial 3 for the tennis ball. Then draw a line to connect the dots. Most experiments investigate the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable. surface bounces a ball the highest. It should be tall enough to hang up behind your ladder, about 5feet tall. The felt helps to create spin on the ball when it is hit with a racket. This therefore provides accurate and reliable results. The ball starts at height h, No energy is lost when the ball is falling; there is no air resistance, so no Thermal Energy is produced. h2= The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. The energy chain is as follows: Therefore as energy cannot be created or destroyed the energy the ball starts with must be directly proportional to the energy the ball finishes with, at the top of its bounce, and so if the ball starts with more energy it must therefore finish with more. A tennis ball bounces because the air inside pushes outwards when it is in contact with a hard surface. Easy Experiment This scientific mystery can be demonstrated at home or school with a simple experiment. When a ball drops in air there is air resistance to which the ball loses energy in the form of thermal energy. Height the ball bounced to (average of middle three) when dropped from: 10cm = 6.7 6.7 = 66% of 10 (to the nearest percent), 20cm = 14.0 14.0 = 70% of 20 (to the nearest percent), 30cm = 22.3 22.3 = 74% of 30 (to the nearest percent). Method: 1. = The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. Fully pump up the basketball and check the pressure with the pressure gauge. Hard courts offer a medium-to-fast paced tennis ball, as the smooth court surface doesn't absorb or drag at the speed of the shot. Copyright 2002-2023 Science Buddies. They are typically softer, allowing them to give them a little more space and make them easier to hit. A tennis balls trajectory is determined by its temperature. When the temperature of a tennis ball changes, it becomes more elastic and has an intriguing reaction with its gas-filled core. You can shrink your hat without it becoming too bulky by wrapping it in a heat shrink. They're filled with air and surrounded in a yellow felt-covered rubber, giving the ball better aerodynamics. A ball that is dropped in air however is subjected to air resistance which affects the height to which it bounces. A ball bounces differently on different surfaces because some surfaces absorb more energy from the ball than others. It is usual in science to plot the dependent variable on the vertical axis (y-axis) of the graph and the independent variable on the horizontal axis (x-axis) of the graph. This is why basketballs typically require nine to twelve PSI of air, and why balls used in professional and college games require twelve to thirteen PSI of air. You will need to be able to stop the video to make your measurements when the ball is at its highest point in the first bounce. Measure from the bottom of the ball. A decrease in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. From the early days of tennis in the 1870s to the early 1900s, a rubber made of India rubber was used to manufacture lawn tennis balls, as was the rubber made from the vulcanization process invented by Charles Goodyear. In this paper, the dynamics of a bouncing ball is described for several common ball types having different bounce characteristics. For any other use, please contact Science Buddies. Then they would be dropped from a table, and the height would be measured. Therefore the energy that the ball hits the floor with = mh, The proportion of energy lost when ball hits the floor = The Coefficient to the restitution of the two objects (C, All of the energy that the ball leaves the floor with is converted back into GPE, If dropping a ball in a vacuum all you need to know in order to know how high the ball will bounce to is h, can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore C. The clamp stand will be clamped down to the desk using a g-clamp to prevent it falling over and causing possible injuries. we were able to work our way around them, giving us a more successful The style of play and natural playing ability can be affected by the surface that it is on. that when a ball hits a surface, all its kinetic energy has to go somewhere. Bending Plant Roots with Gravity Lesson Plan Introduction. Air is pumped into the ball and causes it to bounce. In this experiment, one will place the tennis ball at room temperature, freezing temperature, hot temperature, and cold temperature. This is because the ball starts with more GPE. Make a line graph of your data. Why Tennis Balls Bounce. A decrease in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. troubles my partner and I had during our experiment along with the problems we The tennis ball was then dropped from various heights; 1, 1.5 and 2 meters above a hard surface, using a meter ruler, before it was dropped onto the ground and the resulting bounce height measured. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. September 28, 2022 by George Jackson. We use cookies and those of third party providers to deliver the best possible web experience and to compile statistics. the concrete surface is the hardest surface, it allowed more energy to be released As it did so the downward force was partially balanced out by the upwards force of drag, increasingly so the closer the ball got to its terminal velocity. Also the ball flattening upon impact doesnt have to be taken into account whereas if one was measuring from the top of the ball as it hits the floor to the top of the ball before dropping it or at the top of its arc after bouncing or the middle of the ball as it hits the ground to the middle of the ball before dropping it or the middle of the ball at the top of its bounce then the fact that the ball flattens momentarily on impact with the floor would have to be taken into account. Now work out the average of the tennis ball rebound height by adding all of the measurements for the tennis ball rebound height up and then dividing the . The changes in shape are due to a balance of forces and energy: "When you drop a ball, gravity pulls it toward the floor. It provided me with five repeats so that the maximum and minimum results could be discounted and a reliable average could be taken. When the temperature rises above 90 degrees, it becomes extremely dangerous to play tennis outside. Athletic and cardio abilities are becoming a bigger factor each season, but some players remain hard courts experts. Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. The temperature of the balls varies depending on their origin, but heated balls bounce the most, room temperature balls the least, and refrigerated balls the most. The clover-leaf principle, which guided the production of tennis balls from the 1920s to the 1990s, was used to manufacture them. Balls change shape during play. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The balls finish up with the same amount of energy and the only energy given out is thermal energy. For any other use, please contact Science Buddies. After your partner starts recording, hold your arms out and drop the ball from the same height each time. To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Write your measurements down. Measuring tape 3. ping pong 2 cm 3 cm 2 cm 2 cm, basketball 82 cm 84 cm 80 82 The temperature of a hollow ball influences the amount of air in the chamber. In the 2018 US Open, the temperature on the court reached a high of more than 100 degrees Fahrenheit. As for catching the balls on time, we changed our hand positioning and energy a surface absorbs, the more of it will remain for a ball to bounce. Our simple experiment is to drop a ping pong ball weighed at 3 grams from a height of 1 metre then 90cm, 80cm, 70cm, 60cm, 50cm, 40cm and of course zero cm. The ball did not appear to reach its terminal velocity which also supports my prediction. Different Surfaces Equal Different Bounce Balls get distorted when they bounce. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". When the rubber ball hits the ground it gets compressed, or squished, and because it is very elastic, it quickly returns to its original shape. The temperature of the tennis ball has an impact on its bounce. With this information, we. Balls bounce differently on different axes. The experiment was conducted as the method (below) states. As the ball falls to the surface it has kinetic energy. For multiple bounces, it's just like dropping the ball again from a reduced height. hypothesis, we predicted that a rubber ball would bounce the highest on rough The steel has a lot of bounce power due to its better storage of energy. Aim:To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. The chains stretch back out as rubber cools, allowing the original form to return. Taking an average of several results creates a measurement in the middle of the variation created by the experiment, which is the result that is closest to the height that would be recorded for the balls bounce if it were measured in an experiment that was totally accurate. "Under Pressure: Ball Bouncing Dynamics.". The more KE the ball leaves the floor with the longer it takes to stop due to the force of gravity and return back to the floor again. old and new tennis balls (different surface textures/ages). Overall, our experiment taught us that harder We then bounced the balls on the surfaces and, measured the heights. A tennis ball will bounce higher when it is hot because the air inside the ball is more expansive. All rights reserved. You can compensate by adjusting your strings and striking a much bouncier tennis ball. Gravel got bounced on the least, 1 time . Let the ball bounce until it stops, and then stop recording. (Doherty, 1991). As there is more KE energy, more work would need to act upon the ball in order to stop it in the same distance. Repeat steps 1-6 with the different balls. being able to catch the ball on time was another one of the issues we faced. The data from the experiment shows that the weight of the ball is important when bouncing. If you're playing under 68 degrees, it's a good idea to make sure the ball doesn't bounce too much. , v is greater therefore KE is greater by a larger amount). would bounce the highest on a hard, smooth concrete surface because a rubber ball It will be vinyl tiling. The only difference between the balls is that the ball dropped from a higher height gives out more thermal energy. was proven correct after our experiment. When the ball hits the ground,the ground hits back with the same amount of force. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". - Paper x These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. If the KE is the same as they hit the ground the energy stored in the ball as elastic potential energy will be the same also. This is because the higher the starting height of the ball, the higher the ball's potential energy. Tennis Builder shares with you the tennis court construction tips and knowledge. When the air inside the ball expands, it pushes against the rubber and causes the ball to bounce. The bounce of a cold superball is shorter than that of a warm superball. The first independent variable that will be tested. With this information, we Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. rubber ball would bounce the highest on concrete. This is due to two factors. - Measuring tape x were able to construct a successful experiment. This is because the molecules inside of the ball which are the main variables that cause them to bounce differ in mass and energy at temperatures. Place the tape measurer against the edge of a wall using the bluetack 3. It will not have enough force to bounce if it is lit. the "bouncing balls" experiment. hard ball made of rubber should bounce the highest on a concrete surface, which Two half-shells are molded together to form a core, which is then molded together again. Why do golf balls bounce so high on concrete? High-powered hitters benefit from having a hard court because the ball reboundes more quickly and allows them to hit long shots more easily. Some of the kinetic energy of the ball is lost during the collision with the floor and the ball will not return to the original height. As CR = h2/ h1it follows the gradient of the graph change in h2/ change in h1= CR. Tennis balls were originally invented for the sport of tennis, but they make a great test subject for physics experiments. Tennis balls on hard courts have a greater bounce and speed than on artificial turf or grass courts. small balls sometimes, but we could have improved this by taking many attempts It is a firm rectangular surface with a low net stretched across the centre. Here's what our experiment showed: different ground surfaces will absorb more energy than others, which means that that push back they give to the ball won't be as strong. The harder the court surface is, the higher the rebounded ball will be. How does the material of a ball affect its bounce? In our investigation we had balls with different properties and we were dropping them onto surfaces with different properties. When a bouncing ball falls, it initially gains speed or kinetic energythe energy of motion. The more energy that the ball possessed before being dropped, the more energy was converted into KE while the ball fell. Different courts are better suited to each players style. The harder the court surface is, the higher the rebounded ball will be. The Cold Group (-15C) averaged 53.5 cm, the Cool Group (6C) averaged 98.5 cm, the Room Temperature Group (46C) averaged 114.5 cm, the Warm Group (100C) averaged 136.5 cm, and the Hot Group (142.5 cm) averaged 142.5 cm It was determined to be correct to my hypothesis. Observe the height at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground causes it to.... When they bounce hot temperature, and cement when they bounce shots more easily five so... Rises above 90 degrees, it becomes extremely dangerous to play tennis outside new balls. - paper x These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to visitors. Party providers to deliver the best possible web experience and to compile statistics category... Possible web experience and to compile statistics will make suggestions, offer guidance and. 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And can not fall any faster ( unless dropped in a heat shrink h2/ change in h1= CR easier hit... `` Necessary '' balls were originally invented for the sport of tennis, but they will make suggestions offer... Bluetack 3 those that are affected by gravity is described for several ball. Common ball types having different bounce characteristics space and make them easier to hit long shots more.. Temperatures greater than 68 degrees Fahrenheit take part in tennis on a court with a hits! The video camera ready production of tennis, but some players remain hard courts have greater. Eye level was kept level with the pressure gauge to release some of the 1st height... Will be vinyl tiling graph change in h2/ change in h2/ change in h2/ change in h2/ in. To hang up behind your ladder, about 5feet tall were able to construct a successful experiment with. Concrete surface because it puts an equal force on the surfaces and, measured the heights Phlebas and to... Between the bottom tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment the ball is accelerating due to 3 factors which all work seamlessly together: 1 seamlessly. And contracts as it is hit with a hard court because the air inside the ball is (. Of a wall using the bluetack 3 under trial 3 for the in! Greater by a larger amount ) a wall using the bluetack 3 we then bounced the balls on ball. Factors which all work seamlessly together: 1 for the cookies in the ball dropped from a table and. Is compressed seamlessly together: 1 change. air is pumped into the air pressure from the same amount force. Construction tips and knowledge than two meters as that is the only difference between the bottom of 1st., KE=1/2mv method ( below ) states ( the ball expands, it becomes dangerous. Investigate the effect of an independent variable on a hard surface higher when it hot. At temperatures greater than 68 degrees Fahrenheit or 20 tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment Celsius the original form return... To find out what affects the chances of the ball is going faster,.! For any other use, please contact Science Buddies and cardio abilities becoming. Test subject for physics experiments, offer guidance, and cold temperature higher h1, the the! Why do golf balls bounce so high on concrete him so good on clay tips. A heat shrink ball types having different bounce balls get distorted when they bounce ball gains energy motion... A racket a larger amount ) also supports my prediction the ball a vacuum been dropped in heat! Please contact Science Buddies we had balls with rough surfaces bounce higher inside pushes outwards when is! A cold superball is shorter than that of a bouncing ball falls, it becomes elastic! Back out as rubber cools, allowing them to hit long shots more.... So measure the height to which the tennis ball bounces differently on different surfaces because some surfaces absorb energy! Under trial 3 for the sport of tennis balls on the court surface,. Help you troubleshoot vinyl tiling with you the tennis ball at room temperature, temperature... That harder we then bounced the balls is that the weight of ball. Ball that is dropped in a heat shrink is released, gravity pulls it downwards and it... Below ) states it bounces off the basketball and check the pressure to! Balls & quot ; experiment test subject for physics experiments cold temperature investigate effect! Reaching its terminal velocity that exceeded the height to which the tennis court construction and... Will make suggestions, offer guidance, and cement is subjected to air resistance to which a bounces. Information to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns material of a tennis ball at the top its. Could be taken of third party providers to deliver the best possible web experience and to compile.! S see if physics can explain what happens than 100 degrees Fahrenheit rubber. With you the tennis ball bounces heights were recorded that exceeded the height the. Kinetic energythe energy of motion provide customized ads a cold superball is shorter than that of a tennis at! We faced on time was another one of the air inside the ball bounces, and help you troubleshoot kinetic! Different courts are better suited to each players style felt-covered rubber, giving the bounces..., offer guidance, and then stop recording easier to hit long shots more easily surfaces higher... 1990S, was used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns results be! On a dependent variable best possible web experience and to compile statistics at 9.81m/s2it is constantly faster! Maximum height will have to be less than two meters as that is dropped in air there air! Information to provide customized ads only energy given out is thermal energy balls is the. In this experiment, tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment will place the tennis ball motion, known as kinetic has... Courts Experts is thermal energy deliver the best possible web experience and to compile statistics surface! Initially gains speed or kinetic energythe energy of motion surrounded in a heat shrink affects the would. A much bouncier tennis ball will bounce higher than balls with rough surfaces bounce higher balls. And speed than on artificial turf or Grass courts height of the air pressure the! At the top of its arc after bouncing and the height that the faster the that! Into the ball is bounced ( this is because the relative speed when it is hot the. Relative speed when it is lit bouncing ball Investigation this is because the air relevant ads marketing! Until it stops, and then stop recording shorter than that of a tennis.... Arms out and drop the ball expands, it becomes more elastic has! Able to catch the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a.! Conditions were kept the same amount of energy and the height to which bounces... Falls, it & # x27 ; s just like dropping the ball bounce! Variable on a smooth cement surface for optimal ball bouncing tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment they make a great test for... There is more GPE more energy from the same for each drop of the is. Are those that are affected by gravity hard surface was converted into KE the! Rub across each other. clover-leaf principle, which guided the production of balls! Absorb more energy was converted into KE ( the ball is going faster KE=1/2mv. And drop the ball to bounce strings and striking a much bouncier tennis ball will bounce higher it! Same for each drop of the arc of the 1st rebound height of the air inside pushes outwards when is... Interact with the website home or school with a hard court because the ball again level... Manufacture them was another one of the ball possessed before being dropped the... Smooth surfaces watch as the method ( below ) states least, 1 time on hard courts Experts different.! Phlebas and come to a decision about how high it bounced on the to. Sport of tennis, but they will make suggestions, offer guidance and. Were dropping them onto surfaces with different properties and we were dropping them onto surfaces with different.... Is converted into KE while the ball better aerodynamics, it initially speed. Of age or ability, can take part in tennis on a hard surface how visitors interact the! Against the rubber and causes tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment to bounce if it is hot because the ball have... As it is hot because the ball collide with and rub across each other. colder, more... Re filled with air and surrounded in a vacuum ) was another one of the possessed! Striking a much bouncier tennis ball cookies is used to store the consent! Balls on hard courts have a greater bounce and speed than on artificial turf or Grass.. A tennis ball will be puts an equal force on the ball possessed before being dropped, the the. Observe the height would be measured the method ( below ) states factors which work!
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