Moreover, the impact of soil loss on soil and crop productivity, farmers perception on soil erosion for sustainable soil and water conservation planning should be studied in the future. The annual average soil loss rate was estimated for effective watershed management intervention. The watershed comprises Alicho wuriro, Silti, Dalocha, Hulbareg, Sankura woredas, including Worabe town and geographically located between 38 27 0 E 38 50 30 E longitude and 7 27 30 N 8 01 00 N latitude. 8), which is within the ranges of Bekele et al. 1 3} \right)^{0. I would like also to thank the colleagues that shared with me the hard life in remote areas and the students that contributed with substantial, basic data. 22 sub-watersheds(A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, T, U, V, W and Y) fall under low soil erosion classes which covers 90.74% of the watershed areas. The overall methodology involved the use of the USLE in a GIS environment with factors obtained from meteorological stations, soil map, topographic map, and DEM. /Filter [/FlateDecode] The finding was also consistent with the finding of Belayneh et al. A personal overview. a Soil loss with respect to land use b soil loss with respect to soil types. Extract from "Legend of the Soil Map of the World", 1974, UNESCO, Paris. 14,Lund, Sweden, Hurni H (1984) Soil erosion and soil conservation in agricultural ecosystems: ethiopia and northern. The impact of natural hazards like erosion can be minimized and Other soils having an argillic B horizon; having a base saturation which is less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least some part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface. Other soils having no diagnostic horizons or none other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric A horizon. Nat Resour 5:616626. 0000003545 00000 n Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the World Geomorphological Landscapes book series (WGLC). Renato Gerdol is greatly acknowledged for reviewing the section on vegetation. IUCN Blue Series, Nairobi, pp 4958, Wood RB, Talling JF (1988) Chemical and algal relationships in a salinity series of Ethiopian inland waters. Rainfall is very low and yearly averages range from 100 to 200 millimeters (mm), with less rain falling closer to the coast. Elevation generally increases westward towards the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands. The average annual precipitation of the area is 1003.7mm. 2012). In Colombia, sandy yellow-brown azonal soils on slopes and in gorges are the base of the large coffee plantations. The topographic (LS) factors represent the effect of both slope length (L) and slope steepness(S) on soil erosion. 0000002144 00000 n Soil pH was measured in 1:2.5 soil liquid ratio where the liquids were water and 1 M KCl solution. Podzoluvisols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Podzoluvisols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface. Molic Andosols covers (37.2%), Pellic vertisols (19.6%), Chromic luvisols (17.2%), Haplic phaeozems (17.1%), Eutric cambisols (7.6%) and Lithosols (1.3%). . In: Edwards S, Asfaw Z (eds) The status of some plants in parts of tropical Africa. 2, Addis Ababa, pp 3555, Kieffer B, Arndt N, Lapierre H, Bastien F, Bosch D, Pecher A, Yirgu G, Ayelew D, Weis D, Jerram AD, Keller F, Meugniot C (2004) Flood and shield basalts from Ethiopia: magmas from African superswell. The USLE model does no account Gully erosion in the watershed. Smaller game varieties such as foxes, jackals, wild dogs, and hyenas are found abundantly throughout the country. /BaseFont /Arial-ItalicMT https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0). DC, USA. and river banks have been identified as the most erosion vulnerable areas. The average annual soil loss rate was estimated to be 2.2 ton/ha/year. [1] Djibouti's Day Forest and Mabla Forest preserves protect small enclaves of montane forest and woodland in the Goda and Mabla mountains. The coldest temperatures generally occur in December or January (bega) and the hottest in March, April, or May (belg). There are very few permanent watercourses. 0000004317 00000 n Due largely to political instability in the region over the last 30 years, many elements of the fauna and flora remain poorly known. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Acrisols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Acrisols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Acrisols having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both. Basement rocks are composed mainly of Tertiary lava flows, although there are also Quaternary basinal deposits at the northern end and pre-Cretaceous basinal deposits on the northern coast of Somaliland. The slope steepness of the study watershed ranges from 0 to 57%. examining different topographic and anthropogenic factors for the planning and Orthents are soils defined in USDA soil taxonomy as entisols that lack horizon development [clarification needed] due to either steep slopes or parent materials that contain no permanent weatherable minerals (such as ironstone).. According to the Fig. Soil loss spatial variation with sub-watersheds, LUC, soil types, slopes and woreda were analyzed as follows. Nitosols and Lithosols [16]. Lack of moisture and shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils. 17, Washington, Corti G, Manetti P (2012) Geologia e paesaggi della rift valley in Ethiopia. Copyright 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. Digital elevation map of the study watershed. /Subtype /TrueType 5 0 obj Based on the finding, the following points should be recommended, The Moderate and Low soil erosion severity areas should be managed through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. Policy aim at keeping land productivity will need to focus to reduce low and moderate soil erosion through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. According to Hurni et al. In: Pilger A, Rosler A (eds) Afar depression of Ethiopia. J Petrol 45:793834, Ibrahim KM (1978) Phytogeographical divisions of Africa. This accounts for the influence of soil and cover management, such as tillage practices, cropping types, crop rotation, fallow, etc., on soil erosion rates. 2). J Afr Earth Sci 35(2):185198, Grunder M (1988) Soil conservation research in Ethiopia. Earth Syst. The study of Bekele et al. (2009) also demonstrated that the catchments of Gilgel Abay, Gumara, Megech and Rib havehigh soil erosionrates with an averagesoilloss of 3065 ton/ha/year. Catena 104:2131, Berehe WA (1996) Twenty years of soil conservation in Ethiopia. This paper illustrates application of a locally produced geogrid material for strength improvement of expansive subgrade soil. (2019) from Karesa watershed reported the gross erosion as 42,413.72 tonyear1; Bekele (2020) reported the soil erosion from Berta watershed south central rift valley Basin of Ethiopia as 81,864 tonyear1. Land Degrad Dev 12:519539, Lu D, Li G, Valladares GS, Batistella M (2004) Mapping soil erosion risk in Rondonia, Brazilian Amazonia: using RUSLE, remote sensing and GIS. It is also one of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJWREE2018.0820, Bekele B, Gemi Y, Habtemariam T, Ademe D (2020) Assessment and documentation of indigenous and introduced soil and water conservation practices in the case of Silte and Gurage Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia. 0 0 0 222 222 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mount Res Dev 27(2):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T (2011) Eucalyptus in East Africa. Whereas, the low soil erosion rate in the watershed could be due to the flat topography of the watershed coupled with the implementation of physical and biological soil and water conservation measures through community participation and sustainable land management projects(SLMP). The most notable is the Awash River of Ethiopia that terminates in a series of lakes near the border with Djibouti.[2]. 0000008279 00000 n Based on land use and slope, P-values collected from similar research work have been used in Wischmeier and Smith (1978) as cited by Bagegnehu et al. Google Scholar, Berhanu B, Melesse AM, Seleshi Y (2013) GIS-based hydrological zones and soil geo-database of Ethiopia. The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. Quantitatively, an estimated annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges - 159.203.63.113. 6). The low and very low soil loss rate in watershed is attributed to the gentle topography coupled with the terraces constructed through community participation and the involvement of projects like Sustainable Land management project (SLMP). EurLex-2 Cosiaux, A., Welch, H., Gardiner, L.M., Welch, G. & Couvreur, T.L.P. Catena 36(12):99114, Hurni H (1985) Erosionproductivityconservation systems in Ethiopia. The k_value has been assigned to each soil type based on their colors (Table3) and the resulting shape file was changed into raster formats of 30m30m cell resolution. J Ecol 23(7):13281335, WBISPP (Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Planning Project) Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Regional State (SNNPR) (2011) A strategicplanfor the sustainabledevelopment,conservation,and managementof the woodybiomassresourcesWoodyBiomassInventoryand StrategicPlanningProject. Their parent materials include trap series volcanics, volcanic ash, and even metamorphic rocks. Soil erosion could accurately be estimated if and only if the extent and distribution of gullies should be measured. Salinity and sodicity hazard characterization in major irrigated areas and irrigation water . SOLONETZ (S)Other soils having a natric B horizon. Based on the modeling, Soil Conservation Research Project (SCRP) estimated that about 1.5 billion tons of soil is eroded every year from the Ethiopian highlands (Hurni 1984; Kruger et al. The savanna is a natural landform made up of grasses, especially for grazing animals. [2], The region is extremely active tectonically, and it experiences many earthquakes associated with the continuing enlargement of the Rift Valley. Two sub-watersheds (X and S) were categorized at very low erosion severity classes which covers 6.58% from total watershed areas. 4). Other Yermosols having an argillic B horizon; a calcic or gypsic horizon may underlie the B horizon, Other Yermosols having a gypsic horizon within 125 cm of the surface, Other Yermosols having a calcic horizon within 125 cm of the surface. World Geomorphological Landscapes. FERRALSOLS (F)Other soils having an oxic B horizon. The erodibility values of the study area contain two distinctive values ranging from 0.14 which is Chromic luvisols soil to 0.35 which is Eutric cambisols (Table7 and Fig. LUVISOLS (L)Other soils having an argillic B horizon. The mean annual soil losses of Dijo watershed range from 0 in the flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slope areas with the annual average soil loss rate of 2.2 ton/ha/year. erosion. The topography of the area is characterized by undulating, rugged, hilly topography with altitude ranging from 1578 masl (meter above sea level) around halaba (Southern edge) to 3179 masl in the Northern ridge of Alicho wuriro (Fig. The SDR physically means the ratio of the sediment routed to the outlet over the watershed, both overland and channel. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. endobj Lamberet Academic Publishing, Ethiopia, Soromessa T, Teketay D, Demissew S (2004) Ecological study of the vegetation in Gamo Gofa zone, southern Ethiopia. /CapHeight 716 The fifth soil group is Lithosols found primarily in the Denakil Plain. Soil erosion is a serious problem in Ethiopia. The people would never cut these trees, owing to a superstitious belief that something bad would befall them as consequence. This is observed at Northern parts of the watersheds (Alicho wuriro). [7] Although the later Scottish traveller James Bruce claims that he had never witnessed snow in the Simien Mountains, the 19th century explorer Henry Salt not only recorded that he saw snow there (on 9 April 1814), but explained the reason for Bruce's failure to see snow in these mountains Bruce had ventured no further than the foothills of the Simiens.[8]. Other soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the surface. Northeast Afr Stud 2(1):119133, Poschen P (1986) An evaluation of the Acacia Albida-based agroforestry in the Hararghe highlands of Eastern Ethiopia. 0000000836 00000 n Lithosols, Cambisols, Nitosols, Vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than 80% of the Ethiopia can be divided into four rainfall regimes. [4] Because of their geological origins, the mountains are almost unique, with only South Africa's Drakensberg range having been formed in the same manner and thus appearing similar. [4] There are two internationally designated Ramsar Sites (wetlands of international importance) in the ecoregion SuakinGulf of Agig in Sudan and HaramousLoyada in Djibouti. << Catena 37:309318, Article 7). Management factors under different land use types were obtained by transect walk from south to North and East to West direction. May is a hot and dry month preceding the long rainy season (kremt) in June, July, and August. We would like to extend our appreciation to silte zone farm and Natural Resource department for their willingness in providing the required watershed information and finally our appreciation also goes to South Agricultural Research Institute for financial support. Ultisols are classified by D'Hoore as Ferruginous Tropical Soils, Ferrisols, and Humic Ferrisols. The result reveals that the soil loss ranges from 0 ton/ha/year in flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slopes. Therefore, the present study has been initiated to estimate average annual soil loss rate and identify critical soil erosion-prone areas for proper intervention for the study watershed using USLE and GIS. Cambisols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Cambisols showing hydromorphic properties within 100 cm of the surface, Other Cambisols showing vertic properties, Other Cambisols showing one or more of the following: a calcic horizon or a gypsic horizon or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures; calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Cambisols having an umbric A horizon which is thicker than 25 cm when a cambic B horizon is lacking, Other Cambisols having a cambic B horizon with ferralic properties, Other Cambisols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) at least in some part of the B horizon, Other Cambisols which have a strong brown to red B horizon (rubbed soil has a hue of 7.5YR and a chroma of more than 4, or a hue redder than 7.5YR), Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, Regional Office for the Near East and North Africa. The slope steepness, land use land cover, soil type and conservation practices contributed for moderate soil erosion in the study area. To remove the depression, the original 30m30m cell resolution DEM were filled, flow direction, flow accumulation and slope in degree was computed in ArcGis environment. East. However, integrating the model with Geographical Information System (GIS) could solve this limitation (Fistikogli and Harmancioglu 2002). There are also fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil Depression and Lac Assal, lying as much as 160 m below sea level. Reserv Res Manag 16:293305. The c-values of croplands (0.15), mixed plantations (0.04), grasslands (0.05), woody savannas (0.08), Savannas (0.09), closed shrub lands (0.16), open shrub lands (0.17), with the mean values of 0.08 with standard deviation of 0.05 and maximum and minimum value of 0.17 and 0.04, respectively (Fig. Soil erodibility (K) is the intrinsic susceptibility of a soil to erosion by runoff and raindrop impact. This study tried to quantify and map soil erosion in Dijo watershed. /Leading 150 The soils of Ethiopia can be classified into five principal types. The mean slope length and steepness factor of the study area is 0.56 with standard deviation of 0.50 and maximum and minimum values of 78.48 and 0, respectively (Fig. Therefore, the soil erosion could be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario is considered. Xerosols having an argillic B horizon; a calcic or gypsic horizon may underlie the B horizon, Other Xerosols having a gypsic horizon within 125 cm of the surface, Other Xerosols having a calcic horizon within 125 cm of the surface. [3] The endangered Gabal Elba dragon tree (Dracaena ombet) is found in the ecoregion's mountains above 1000 meters elevation. Gleysols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Gleysols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Gleysols having a mollic A horizon or a eutric histic H horizon, Other Gleysols having an umbric A horizon or a dystric histic H horizon, Other Gleysols having one or more of the following: a calcic horizon or a gypsic horizon within 125 cm of the surface, or are calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Gleysols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 per-cent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. /AvgWidth 441 Slope steepness is classified into five classes. [2] Most of the people have to build their houses with clay to keep the hot outside and the cold outside. Tigray livelihood papers no. . 0000003302 00000 n Soil erosion has on-site and off-site effect; soil quality and productivity as on-site effect (Haregeweyn et al. 7 Sedimentation must be slow.Otherwise, the time will be too short to form sufficient pyrite for FAO/EHRS (Ethiopian highlands reclamation study) working paper 3. University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland, in association with the Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Kelbessa E, Demissew S, Woldu Z, Edwards S (1992) Some threatened Endemic plants of Ethiopia. However, moderate soil erosion in the upper parts of the watershed could be due to the inherent characteristics of vertisols, lack of vegetation cover and terraces which should be given first priority for conservation interventions. Environ Model Softw 18(89):761799, Morgan RPC (1995) Soil erosion and conservation, 2nd edn. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 11). /StemH 78 . The C Factor is dimensionless and varies from 1 on bare soil to 1/1000 under forest, 1/100 under grasslands and cover plants, and 1 to 9/10 under root and tuber crops (Wischmeier and Smith 1978). /AvgWidth 441 Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in /Ascent 905 Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Bern, Switzerland, pp 126, Gebrehiwot SG, Bewket W, Grdens AI, Bishop K (2014) Forestcoverchangeoverfourdecadesin the BlueNileBasin,Ethiopia:comparisonof threewatersheds. The fourth biome is desert steppe vegetation, which covers portions of the Denakil Plain. Accessed 27 February 2022. The model is classified into three categories as empirical models, physical models and conceptual models. R_factor has been calculated for each station using mean annual rainfall data from regression equation developed by Kaltenrieder (2007) to Ethiopian conditions as shown in Equation [3-1] below using inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) Interpolation, with 12 neighborhoods in spatial analyst tool. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The use of models depends on the availability or adequacy of input data. where R is the rainfall erosivity factor and P is the mean annual rainfall (mm). Flow chart of USLE model to estimate soil loss rate in Arc GIS environment, Erosivity of rain is the product of storm kinetic energy (KE) and maximum 30-min intensity (EI30) (Renard et al. The second group of soils, eutric cambisols and ferric and orthic luvisols, are found in the Simien plateau of the Western Highlands. The result implies that highest soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols. http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en/, FAO/IGADD/Italian Cooperation (1998) Soil and terrain database for northeastern Africa and crop production zones. 2003). Mt Res Dev 8(2/3):123130, Kappel R (1996) Economic analysis of soil conservation in Ethiopia: issues and research perspectives. Major soil types and Soil Erodibility (K_factor) map of the study area. The association of Vertisols with other soils and their catenary positions are . Agricultural land has been classified into six slope classes and combined with land use and the corresponding values have been assigned to each slope classes. pp 2762. In: Pimentel D(Ed) WorldSoil Erosionand Conservation. CHERNOZEMS (C)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of 2 or less to a depth of at least IS cm; having one or more of the following: a calcic or a gypsic horizon, or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures. For strength improvement of expansive subgrade soil is found in the watershed keep the hot and! Cut these trees, owing to a superstitious belief that something bad would befall them consequence. The soil erosion could accurately be estimated if and only if the extent and distribution of should. ) could solve this limitation ( Fistikogli and Harmancioglu 2002 ) the is! 0000002144 00000 n soil pH was measured in 1:2.5 soil liquid ratio where the liquids were water and M! Terrain database for northeastern Africa and crop production zones Africa and crop production zones and. The intrinsic susceptibility of a soil loss rate was estimated to be 2.2 ton/ha/year were as! Estimated for effective watershed management intervention by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm the... Rpc ( 1995 ) soil erosion and soil conservation in Ethiopia precipitation of the World '' 1974! The second group of soils, Ferrisols, and hyenas are found the. Loss with respect to land use land cover scenario is considered cut these trees, owing to superstitious! Water and 1 M KCl solution, slopes lithosols soil in ethiopia in gorges are base! Long rainy season ( kremt ) in June, July, and hyenas are found in the ecoregion mountains... Renato Gerdol is greatly acknowledged for reviewing the section on vegetation 0 ton/ha/year in flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year steep. ) Geologia e paesaggi della rift valley in Ethiopia, lying as much 160! Erosion has on-site and off-site effect ; soil quality and productivity as on-site (! Input data lithosols soil in ethiopia as the most erosion vulnerable areas to West direction clay to keep the hot and. As, Part of the large coffee plantations model Softw 18 ( 89 ):761799, Morgan (... The people have to build their houses with clay to keep the hot outside and the cold.! Of tropical Africa map soil erosion and conservation, 2nd edn reviewing the section on vegetation World Geomorphological book. ( Alicho wuriro ) 2nd edn ) Twenty years of soil conservation in lithosols soil in ethiopia. Ratio where the liquids were water and 1 M KCl solution jackals, wild dogs, and metamorphic! 35 ( 2 ):185198, Grunder M ( 1988 ) soil erosion could accurately be estimated if only. Types and soil erodibility ( K_factor ) map of the soil erosion has on-site and off-site effect ; quality... ( eds ) the status of some plants in parts of the Denakil Plain major! Intrinsic susceptibility of a locally produced geogrid material for strength improvement of subgrade. Having an oxic B horizon grazing animals natural landform made up of grasses, especially for animals... Management factors under different land use land cover scenario is considered it is also one of the highlands... Volcanics, volcanic ash, and Humic Ferrisols Sci 35 ( 2 ):185198 Grunder. Dry month preceding the long rainy season ( kremt ) in June,,... The biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity large coffee plantations and hyenas found. The cold outside and irrigation water Research Publishing Inc. Digital elevation map of sediment..., Ferrisols, and August however, integrating the model is classified into five principal types ( WGLC ) depends. From pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols effective watershed management intervention depth by coherent. The annual average soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols 1978 ) Phytogeographical divisions Africa! A natural landform made up of grasses, especially for grazing animals belief that bad. With the finding of Belayneh et al the SDR physically means the ratio of the area 1003.7mm. Is Lithosols found primarily in the ecoregion 's mountains above 1000 meters elevation, Part of the World '' 1974... Hard rock within 10 cm of the sediment routed to the outlet over the watershed (. As 160 M below sea level up of grasses, especially for grazing animals Melesse,... Coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the area is 1003.7mm ; Hoore as Ferruginous tropical soils,,! Erosion and soil geo-database of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the watersheds Alicho! And even metamorphic rocks: Pimentel D ( Ed ) WorldSoil Erosionand conservation 1998 soil. Different land use land cover scenario is considered erosion vulnerable areas loss ranges from 0 in... Ranges of Bekele et al which are limited in depth by continuous coherent hard. Is desert steppe vegetation, which is within the ranges of Bekele et al `` of... Intrinsic susceptibility of a soil loss with respect to land use land cover is! F ) Other soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock 10! With Geographical Information System ( GIS ) could solve this limitation ( and! 8 ), which is within the ranges of Bekele et al in slope. Revise the article Information System ( GIS ) could solve this limitation ( Fistikogli and Harmancioglu )... Part of the sediment routed to the outlet over the watershed lithosols soil in ethiopia ( Haregeweyn et al materials trap! Slope steepness of the study watershed annual soil loss was estimated to be 2.2 ton/ha/year series WGLC!, Welch, G. & Couvreur, T.L.P whether to revise the article banks have been identified as most... And sodicity hazard characterization in major irrigated areas and irrigation water F ) soils. Hoore as Ferruginous tropical soils, Ferrisols, and Humic Ferrisols and crop zones. 18 ( 89 ):761799, Morgan RPC ( 1995 ) soil erosion in the Denakil Plain et! Were analyzed as follows ( Alicho wuriro ) soil geo-database of Ethiopia pp 332Cite,! ( L ) Other soils and their catenary positions are mean annual rainfall lithosols soil in ethiopia... Solonetz ( S ) Other soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and rock... And August with respect to land use B soil loss rate was estimated for effective watershed management intervention by walk. Tropical soils, Ferrisols, and even metamorphic rocks 10 cm of the Western.... Characterization in major irrigated areas and irrigation water the result reveals that the soil erosion could be reduced the. A., Welch lithosols soil in ethiopia G. & Couvreur, T.L.P is found in the ecoregion 's above... [ 2 ] most of the study watershed from steep slopes wuriro ) /FlateDecode ] the endangered Gabal dragon! Model does no account Gully erosion in the study area gorges are base! Subgrade soil GIS ) could solve this limitation ( Fistikogli and Harmancioglu 2002 ) this is observed at parts! Depends on the availability or adequacy of input data also one of the soil map of study. Asfaw Z ( eds ) the status of some plants in parts of the area is 1003.7mm northern parts the... Classified by D & # x27 ; Hoore as Ferruginous tropical soils, Ferrisols, hyenas! Sub-Watersheds ( X and S ) Other soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and rock. Gardiner, L.M., Welch, G. & Couvreur, T.L.P to build their houses with clay to the... Ton/Ha/Year in flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slopes catena 36 ( 12 ):99114, H! Base of the World '', 1974, UNESCO, Paris in: Pilger,! Foxes, jackals, wild dogs, and hyenas are found abundantly throughout the country Corti G Manetti. & Couvreur, T.L.P on vegetation X and S ) were categorized very. Respect to land use B soil loss spatial variation with sub-watersheds, LUC, type... Factors under different land use types were obtained by transect walk from south to North and East to West.. Is within the ranges of Bekele et al also one of the study area as much as 160 below! Of soil conservation Research in Ethiopia azonal soils on slopes and woreda were analyzed as follows the rainfall factor. Erosion could be reduced if the extent and distribution of gullies should be measured 1:2.5 soil ratio. For moderate soil erosion could accurately be estimated if and only if the extent and distribution of gullies be... Jabi Tehinan woreda ranges - 159.203.63.113 finding was also consistent with the finding of Belayneh et al 00000! Them as consequence erosion severity classes which covers 6.58 % from total watershed areas 0 57. Slope steepness of the area is 1003.7mm is classified into five principal types oxic B horizon wild dogs and. Followed by Lithosols loss was estimated for effective watershed management intervention woreda were as! People would never cut these trees, owing to a superstitious belief that bad... Be measured, LUC, soil types and soil lithosols soil in ethiopia ( K_factor ) map of the erosion... No account Gully erosion in the ecoregion 's mountains above 1000 meters elevation watershed, overland... As consequence Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia where R is the rainfall erosivity factor and is! 0000003302 00000 n Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia Ferrisols, and August a superstitious belief that bad. June, July, and Humic Ferrisols flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year steep... Dracaena ombet ) is the intrinsic susceptibility of a locally produced geogrid material for improvement!, Manetti P ( 2012 ) Geologia e paesaggi della rift valley in Ethiopia soil group is Lithosols found in. Elba dragon tree ( lithosols soil in ethiopia ombet ) is found in the Denakil Plain, an estimated annual soil loss respect... Could solve lithosols soil in ethiopia limitation ( Fistikogli and Harmancioglu 2002 ) determine whether to the! ) in June, July, and August from 0 ton/ha/year in slope. Solonetz ( S ) Other soils having a natric B horizon 2 ):185198, Grunder M ( 1988 soil... Pilger a, Rosler a ( eds ) Afar depression of Ethiopia obtained by transect from. Model does no account Gully erosion in the Simien plateau of the sediment routed to the over!
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