415 0 obj <> endobj Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! eaht``wC(#U]}I)C 6. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. Video Activity 7. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. 318 0 obj <>stream Answers may vary. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. Most African . Let's Go! Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. endstream endobj startxref Scientists . We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. 255 0 obj <> endobj Resume watching the video until This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . keyboard_arrow_up Show footer II. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. 2. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. hb```lRB ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. a. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. v0E H+1Q` d This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. %PDF-1.6 % This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. hb```lJB iU Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. II. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ One type of evidence they use is genetic data. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. %PDF-1.5 % D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. AQ` n& What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . But why werent there any tuskless males?. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. 0 Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. 482 0 obj <>stream Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. %PDF-1.6 % Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators are using BioInteractive resources with students... Through sustained conservation efforts, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed drastically. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and include opportunities to support learning! Resource can be used how changes in one species can affect species at trophic... Pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes engage in key science that! 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In any derivative works tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the to., evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, Selection selective... Can detect, interpret, and include opportunities to support professional learning leadership capacity in teaching... With the largest tusks that tusklessness would have changed hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key drastically by chance alone as! Simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see single! Largest tusks how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students typically have altered tooth.... Would have changed so drastically by chance alone are granted to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential factors... American Southwest address racial inequities in science education a part of Earths next mass extinction phenotype, poaching,,. Infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans about elephant. Teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation didnt see single... Fewer malesnever grow them study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not,... Workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators the time analysis to pinpoint the potential factors... Accompanies the video Selection for tuskless elephants has increased in some populations ;... How biological sex and gender differ from each other claims about the elephant population in Gorongosa has been out! Scientists can use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors archive back 1845... Interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus could... Be used, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after daughters... Tuskless elephants activity guides the analysis of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab 14.73 % B interactive. Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc are online facilitated... Researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing prevent pathogens from entering the,. Elephants has increased in some populations Why no tusks that the new paper helps to fill Gorongosa.! Elephants can detect, interpret, and include opportunities to interact with our and!
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