As the figure demonstrates, foreign-born Indian Americans are significantly more likely to have a spouse or partner who is of Indian origin and born in India. Indeed, a plurality (44 percent) of Indian Americans born in the United States say that they feel more American than Indian (compared to 23 percent of foreign-born respondents). The objective of this inquiry is to assess to what extent Indian Americans associate with other Indian Americans relative to those from outside the community. Independence Day (July 4) ranks second (57 percent), followed by Christmas (54 percent). Twenty-one percent report posting comments about political issues online. Follow. 2) Population estimates for stateswith an immigrant population under 2,000 persons are not provided due to insufficient sample size. Immigrants in the U.S. as a whole have lower levels of education than the U.S.-born population. 27 There is significant variation in the frequency of prayer based on respondents age. 39 This finding holds even if we use a binary measure of Indian American concentration, using a cut-off of two percent of a countrys population; drop outlier counties with unusually high concentrations of Indian Americans; control for the total number of households in a county; and control for a respondents place of birth. Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, Business Insider identified the country of origin of the largest group of foreign-born residents in each state. As one might expect, the composition of respondents social networks varies by their birthplace. Thirty percent of non-citizen IAAS respondents possess a green card (or a permanent residency card), which places them on a pathway to gaining U.S. citizenship. The share of Indian Americans who pray either several times a day or once a day is slightly below the U.S. average (46 percent according to Pew survey data).26 Another 20 percent of Indian Americans report taking part in prayer a few times a week or once a week, while 11 percent pray at least a few times a month. Here's How the Answer Got So Complicated, Time, March 12, 2020, https://time.com/5800209/asian-american-census/. This map displays the top origin regions of immigrants in the United States (default view), based on 2009-2013 American Community Survey data. The Dallas Express is a non-profit organization funded by charitable support and advertising. Just 24 percent of Indian Americans who have lived in the United States between one and ten years identify as Indian American, compared to 41 percent of those who have been here for eleven to twenty-five years and 53 percent of those who have been here for more than twenty-five years. Among all immigrants, those from South Asia (71%) were the most likely to have a bachelors degree or more. She studies misinformation, media effects, and political behavior and employs survey and experimental methods in her work. as well as other partner offers and accept our. It explores this contentious subject in three ways. The examination of partisanship, in turn, further distinguishes between partisan support in India and in the United States.43. Just 27 percent say they are very comfortable having Republican friendshalf the number of Republicans who feel that way toward Democrats. This is identical to the share of all Americans who report attending services at least once a week, based on a 2020 Pew survey.25 Forty percent, the modal category, of Indian Americans report attending religious services once or twice a month or just a few times a year. If half of all Indian Americans report some form discrimination, this begs the question: Who is discriminating against them? Nearly half of all Muslims (48 percent) say they attend religious services regularly as well. From 1990 to 2007, the unauthorized immigrant population more than tripled in size from 3.5 million to a record high of 12.2 million in 2007. Immigrants from Canada (96%), Oceania (82%), Europe (75%) and sub-Saharan Africa (74%) have the highest rates of English proficiency. This section reviews some basic characteristics of the social networks of Indian Americans. 51 Badrinathan, Kapur, and Vaishnav, How Do Indian Americans View India?. Despite being one of the largest immigrant groups in the United States, Americans of Indian descent were barely represented in politics. The heightened levels of discrimination that U.S.-born respondents report compared to immigrants hold true across categorieswhether skin color, gender, religion, or even caste. Sampling weights were then post-stratified on 2016 presidential vote choice, as well as a three-way stratification of gender, age (four categories), and education (four categories), to produce the final weight. This study utilizes a new source of empirical data to better understand the social realities of people of Indian origin residing in the United States. YouGov recruited respondents from its proprietary panel comprising 1.8 million U.S. residents. Follow. But how Indian Americans choose to deploy this influence remains an open question. For instance, for Indian Americans who skeptically view the rise of Hindu majoritarianism in India, it is unclear how they might apportion blame given that religion, leadership, and political parties are all deeply intertwined, especially in the current political scenario. Much larger shares believe that other minority groups face greater discrimination than Indian Americans, including Latino Americans (90 percent), LGBTQ Americans (89 percent), African Americans (86 percent), and women (86 percent). Although overall levels of poverty are lower than the American average,5 there are concentrated pockets of deprivation, especially among the large number of unauthorized immigrants born in India and residing in the United States.6. India tops that list in 21 states. Tuesday, May 20, 2014 . On the contrary, India continues to exist in the present as it influences the lives of the diasporaeven as its members chart a new path in their adopted home. The propensity score function included age, gender, years of education, and region. Please join us on the important journey to make Dallas a better place! Jonathan Kay is a nonresident research assistant in the Carnegie South Asia Program. Bookmark Quiz The matched cases were weighted to the sampling frames using propensity scores. Interestingly, among foreign-born respondents, twice as many men (20 percent) have a spouse of non-Indian origin compared to women (10 percent), but the gap more than disappears among those born in the United States: while 27 percent of men have a spouse of non-Indian origin, this rises to 31 percent among women. YouGov employs a sophisticated sample matching procedure to ensure that the respondent pool is representative of the Indian American community in the United States, using data from the ACS as a target sample frame. It is worth pointing out that nearly one-third (32 percent) of respondents report not engaging in any of the civic or political activities listed on the survey. The IAAS asks respondents, Which of the following best describes your personal group of friends? Respondents choose from a list of five possible responses (not counting dont know): that all, most, some, very few, or none of their friends are of Indian origin. Hispanics are also the nation's largest immigrant group and one of its fastest growing populations. Twenty-nine percent of respondents report that most or all of their friends are from the same region of India. 48 (2010): 99106. Results From the 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey, How Will Indian Americans Vote? The survey also asks respondents about their educational attainment, which provides insight into the socioeconomic profile of Indians in America. The matched cases and the frames were combined, and a logistic regression was estimated for inclusion in the frames. The states with the largest number of immigrants from India are California, New Jersey, and New York. Diwali and Holi are largely celebrated by Hindus, while very few non-Muslims commemorate Eid. Minnesota has proportionally fewer immigrants compared to the nation as a whole, but we have long been a state shaped by immigration. Figure 14 disaggregates the results by place of birth and citizenship status. Immigration will continue to shape our communities for generations to come. The US Census Bureau's American Community Survey asks millions of people every year detailed questions about their social, economic, and demographic situations. There were 10.5 million unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. in 2017, accounting for 3.2% of the nations population. Cuba 16,367. 1) The term "immigrants" (or "foreign born") refers to people residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. This could be the result of circumstance and context, or it could be the product of social distancethe relative distance that one feels toward members of an out-group (religious, ethnic, partisan, and so on) relative to members of ones own in-group. The longer immigrants have lived in the U.S., the greater the likelihood they are English proficient. 42 Shanto Iyengar, Gaurav Sood, and Yphtach Lelkes, Affect, Not Ideology: A Social Identity Perspective on Polarization, Public Opinion Quarterly 76, no. To what extent do people of Indian origin encounter discriminatory behavioron what grounds and by whom? As the profile of the Indian American community has grown, so too has its economic, political, and social influence. . You guys are incredible.1, While some in the media interpreted Bidens off-the-cuff remark as an unfortunate gaffe, others viewed it as affirmation of the growing influence of the Indian American diaspora. Among those immigrant populations, countries of origin also vary widely. Mexico is the top origin country of the U.S. immigrant population. 55 For an accessible introduction to this survey method, see Courtney Kennedy et al., Evaluating Online Nonprobability Surveys, Pew Research Center, May 2, 2016, https://www.pewresearch.org/methods/2016/05/02/evaluating-online-nonprobability-surveys/. When it comes to online discussions of politics, 28 percent of U.S.-born citizens posted comments about political issues on an online forum, compared to 18 percent of foreign-born citizens and 14 percent of non-citizens. Its findings are based on a nationally representative online survey of 1,200 Indian American residents in the United Statesthe 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey (IAAS)conducted between September 1 and September 20, 2020, in partnership with research and analytics firm YouGov. This new methodology has also allowed the inclusion of the figure from 2000. Figure 4 unpacks this further and looks at three categories of spouses or partners: Indian origin but born in India; Indian origin but born in the United States; and non-Indian origin. According to YouGov, its panel outperformed its peer competitors evaluated in this Pew study. The differences are most pronounced among those who say being Indian is very important to them. Existing research has found that among major Asian American communities, Indian Americansboth men and womenhave the highest rate of endogamy (the custom of marrying within ones community) in both the first and second generations, although there is a noticeable increase in marriage outside of the community among members of the second generation.21. The top 15 states also include several with large immigrant populations, such as Florida, Washington, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, where the foreign-born population grew faster than in the country overall. He was previously a James C. Gaither Junior Fellow. 54 Devesh Kapur, The Power of Indians Abroad, Foreign Policy, May 13, 2021, https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/05/13/the-power-of-indians-abroad/. Eighty-three percent of foreign-born Indian Americans claim being Indian is either very or somewhat important to their identity, compared to 70 percent of U.S.-born Indian Americans. 34 Badrinathan, Kapur, and Vaishnav, How Do Indian Americans View India?, 2022. Bookmark Quiz Bookmark Quiz Bookmark. Many Indian immigrants might have brought with them identities rooted in their ancestral homeland, while others have eschewed them in favor of a nonhyphenated American identity. citizens. The surveys initial question on whether respondents personally identify with a caste grouping is restricted to respondents who identify with Hinduism (and make up slightly more than half of the IAAS sample), where caste categories are reasonably well-defined.30 However, broader questions regarding the role that caste plays in social networks (discussed later) are asked of all respondents. However, non-citizens are about as likely as foreign-born citizens to engage in the resolution of community issues (12 percent versus 11 percent). The data for this study are based on an original online surveythe IAASof 1,200 Indian American U.S. residents conducted by YouGov between September 1 and September 20, 2020. The low rate of political giving for non-citizens is expected given that non-citizens are forbidden from making political donations unless they are permanent residents (that is, they possess a green card). 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