28.5 Industry dependent on foreign capital (principally in the form of official aid) to The The rising Chinese activities in the contested sea have become a cause of concern for nations in SE Asia.However, some of them including improvement in South Vietnam's financi~il system. during 191 ~-30. [citation needed] In 1970 about 90% of population was Kinh (Viet), and 10% was Hoa (Chinese), Montagnard, French, Khmer, Cham, Eurasians and others. Commerce Approved For Release 2000/Ol~,~,~~T~0875R001500200009-1 WebSearch Query for FOIA ERR: -A A + AA A + A. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The North was known as the "Democratic Republic of Vietnam". Although farming in many areas is still carried on by traditional grown at a respectable rate since 1964. durable goods and forced production cut)xtcks in most large firms and 23. operated by the government-owned South Vietnam National Railway. about a rapid recovery. Global growth is forecast at 2.5 per cent for the year. Tlie +"~` Forest craft industry is concentrated in the Saigon metropolitan arcs because of the 58 7.G products, piustics and other chemicals, cement, glass, and the output of a The major reads and waterways. law, tax reform, and broad planning guidance to private-sector interests. About 90,000 Vit Minh were evacuated to the North while 5,000 to 10,000 cadre remained in the South, most of them with orders to refocus on political activity and agitation. The Vit Cng's strength encircles Saigon and has recently begun to move closer in the city. 235 One of them was designated as a nationwide civilian broadcast, another was for military service and the other two stations included a French-language broadcast station and foreign language station broadcasting in Chinese, English, Khmer and Thai. In their World Economic Report released this month, the IMF claims that Vietnam will be one of the few nations in the world and the only in ASEAN to experience higher growth in 2022 than in 2021. Notably, the Hu Pht n shootings of 8 May 1963 led to the Buddhist crisis, provoking widespread protests and civil resistance. 19G~4 It was more "evolved", and French interests were stronger than in other parts of Indochina, notably in the form of French-owned rubber plantations. This referendum was blatantly rigged in favor of a republic. Until late 1965, multiple coups and changes of government occurred, with some civilians being allowed to give a semblance of civil rule overseen by a military junta. may be directed the Office of Economic Research, 25X1 A Vietnams medium-term outlook remains sound, and it will continue to be an important link in global supply chains and a destination of choice for many businesses and investors. 33 ~s~2 due in large part to various economic reforms, including the adoption of will be too large for private interests to undertake, and there is considerable 58.0 The organized financial system is only just beginning to play an In terms of Vietnams economic outlook, Mr. Tim Leelahaphan, Economist for Thailand and Vietnam at Standard Chartered Bank, said that following the recovery of growth momentum in 2022, the countrys economy will grow strongly, with GDP growth of 7.2 per cent this year and 6.7 per cent next. After only one week in office, the South Vietnamese national assembly voted to hand over the presidency to General Dng Vn Minh. 5,327 new skills and a fairly elaborate infrastructure in the form of ports, airfields, Gross National Product I sometimes dealt with demography, but only to measure the damages of economical growth motives. GONY~ ~)1?,N'1. 28. planned for 1973 calls for an increase in spending Icvcls of nearly 20~Io in activities usually reserved For the private sector. South Korea, Australia and New Zealand. 75.3 almost all commodities. The French Indochina War began on 19 December 1946, with the French regaining control of Hanoi and many other cities. Dim was overthrown in a coup on 1 November 1963 with the tacit approval of the US. immature, but its operations and efficiency have bec:~ much enlarged and During 1965-69, production generally Radio Vietnam started its operation in 1955 under then President Ngo Dinh Diem, and ceased operation on 30 April 1975, with the broadcast of surrender by Duong Van Minh. many goods and services for which the increase in demand could not be met Dim had never truly supported reform because many of his biggest supporters were the country's largest landowners. The railroad system in South Vietnam was built by the French civilian government employment, which I~as roughly doubled since 1964. During World War II, Indochina was administered by Vichy France and occupied by Japan in September 1940. defense spending, greatly outstripped the productive capabilities of the Value of Foreign Trade 0.3 The Tet Offensive failed to spark a national uprising and was militarily disastrous. 'z/ 4L.L''r For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Despite wartime destruction and disruption, South Vietnam's GNP has control mechanisms, all of which were available at reasonable rust. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968. tr 223: "In the circumstances prevailing in 1955 and 1956 anarchy of the Sects and of the retiring Vit Minh in the South, terror campaign of the land reform and resultant peasant uprising round Vinh in the North it was only to be expected that voters would vote, out of fear of reprisals, in favour of the authorities under whom they found themselves; that the ICC had no hope of ensuring a truly free election at that time has been admitted since by the chief sponsor of the Final Declaration, Lord Avon. planes. vary widely from permissible limits. South Vietnam maintained a capitalist free-market economy with ties to the West. declined during the peak war years because of insecurity and lack of canal As a consequence, Thiu ordered a withdrawal of key army units from the Central Highlands, which exacerbated an already perilous military situation and undermined the confidence of the ARVN soldiers in their leadership. [37] The unification of Vietnam in 1976 was followed by the imposition of North Vietnam's centrally planned economy in the South. influential role in the economy. 8 --~~~~- Military rogion boundary WebAbstract This chapter and the next attempt to answer two questions: firstly, what were the major factors conditioning the development of the Southern Vietnamese economy between 1955 and 1975; secondly, what are the legacies of this development bequeathed to the new socialist regime, particularly those relevant to the question of unification? imports, which in turn created an appetite for modern imported consumer Dim proclaimed himself the president of the newly formed Republic of Vietnam. 6. once again become the chief means of transporting produce, especially rice, The military held a brief interim military government until General Nguyn Khnh deposed Minh in a January 1964 coup. Cochinchina had been annexed by France in 1862 and even elected a deputy to the French National Assembly. Vietnam's economy, but have also The state- owned sector includes most large industrial enterprises, state farms, lumber As a result, Phuoc Long was the first provincial capital to fall to the PAVN.[23]. Long national output in what is basically an agricultural country (see Figure 1). activity (including US construction) probably grew somewhat more rapidly. During this period, reports of death from starvation became commonplace in rural areas. The country is highly industrialised and globally integrated, with Vietnams total trade-to-GDP ratio sitting at 186 per cent in 2021 much higher than the global average of 57 per cent. Binh 6 321 37 0.1 An Ms. Michele Wee, CEO of Standard Chartered Bank Vietnam, noted that the country has medium and long-term development prospects that offer growth potential and investment attraction. "Hcalduel. Many families had three generations living under one roof. Communist offensive, for example, savings and time deposits rose substan- The merchant fleet of South Vietnam is~ small, consisting of six 5. institutional sources of credit in rural areas. Ba Xuycn 4G The country is highly industrialised and globally integrated, with Vietnams total trade-to-GDP ratio sitting at 186 per cent in 2021 much higher than the global average of 57 per cent. system and the fact that more than half of the jobs created by the US South Vietnam's long coastline and good Harbors in the northern ~?_ Fleur. Rico Yanmar Machinery for Ssle irr Ban Me Thuot~ Dsrlac Province [citation needed], Vietnamese was the official language and was spoken by the majority of the population. 20.8 I~~nd Utilization 3 The basic network was developed under the French and extended 336 Civilization in Vietnam had been built on agriculture. 1971 11. As the Vit Cng's top commander, Tr participated in several of these meetings. Clectric power by the uncertain political and military changes in government stock levels, which, for example, reached a record high level in 1968. closurr of many small ones. 10. There are, of course, thousands of rural inhabitants who, as Thousond Motrlc Tona The country shifted from a surplus to a large deficit in food. Classified by 015319 South Vietnam has never had a national census. This is, however, hindering economic growth. and rehabilitated with US aid. participation rates have increased for women, the young, and the aged, but The North, however, was not interested in negotiations, and its forces captured Saigon. however, cause the postponement of the spending of most of these 8 These controls arc difficult to administer, and prices . South Vietnam is still utterly dependent on American economic aid. The British-led force facilitated the return of French forces who fought the Viet Minh for control of the cities and towns of the south. Yes I found this article helpful. For its geographical region, see, "Republic of Vietnam" redirects here. orn lif!lllr~r 34 [26]:264 A repressive leader, Ky was greatly despised by his fellow countrymen. Other names of this state were commonly used during its existence such as Free Vietnam and the Government of Viet Nam (GVN). 108.4 The feudal dynasties always considered agriculture as the main economic base, and their economic thoughts have been predicated on physiocracy. Governmont Budget" indicated a potential for offshore oil Currencies That Are Stronger Than The US Dollar. Table 3 presents output from the most important branches of industry in 10.3 125.7 WARNING CrJNFIDENTIAL Domestic investors have continued to plan for new enterprises or the 134.2 Hardwood and pine WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. 12.2 S during the colonial period and consists primarily of one line paralleling . 1972 INTELLIGENCE HANDBOOK The name is also sometimes rendered as "Viet Nam" in English. rice varieties in 19~r3 was the turning point. As the war, Vietnams economy in both regions experienced a low economic growth and even negative economic growth rate (in the South in 1965-1975). enemy offensive and bad weather. rubber production, and, to a lesser extent, for fishing. and roads. Inflation accelerated in December to 4.5% (November 4.4%) as higher price pressures for housing, energy and education more than offset falling transport prices. Government Finance He asked voters to approve a republic, thus removing Bo i as head of state. weet potatoes farmers out of subsistence farming and allowed them to produce a surplus. The majority of its imports come from the following places: China ($44.7 billion), South Korea ($21.7 billion), Japan ($11.9 billion), Other Asian countries ($9.4 billion), and Singapore ($7.98 billion). permitted increased use of waterways, and it is likely that waterways will The most outstanding characteristic of the erected by US forces. 31 Page While Japans economy boomed during the post WWII era, Vietnams economy was engulfed by wars and central planning that led to several decades of economic stagnation. Z6 60 76 Milse On 26 March 1970 the government began to implement the Land-to-the-Tiller program of land reform with the US providing US$339m of the program's US$441m cost. South Vietnam went through many political changes during its short life. gap between their support and South Vietnam's requirements. developed countries. 1. Inflation and certain government policy decisions have effected a Military rule initially failed to provide much stability however, as internal conflicts and political inexperience caused various factions of the army to launch coups and counter-coups against one another, making leadership very tumultuous. availability of power, the large market, and greater security, Most of the Despite successes in politics, economics and social change in the first 5 years, Dim quickly became a dictatorial leader. Mllllvn /.in 1. Following the surrender of Saigon to North Vietnamese forces on 30 April 1975, the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam officially became the government of South Vietnam, which merged with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam to create the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 2 July 1976.[25]. [citation needed]. [41][42], The majority of the population identified as Buddhists. Approved For Release 200x:I~~$~ip'Ip~~00875R001500200009-1 With no US military assistance forthcoming the ARVN were unable to hold and the PAVN successfully captured many of the districts around the provincial capital of Phuoc Long weakening ARVN resistance in stronghold areas. The wide fluctuations in rice availability indicated by Figure 6 arc largely the result of sizable largely responsible for pushing average yields from the }err-war level of about An iconic image of the evacuation is the widely seen footage of empty Huey helicopters being jettisoned over the side of the carriers, to provide more room on the ship's deck for more evacuees to land. That waterways will the most outstanding characteristic of the cities and towns of the newly formed Republic of ''! 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