what is the difference between supportive and defensive communication?

In almost all cases, defensiveness is the result of emotional insecurity and fear. A reaction to nervousness or an unwillingness to exert oneself. 1. . What is the difference between supportive and defensive communication? Description: A sense of fairness, justness, and impartiality; everyone has the same chance. According to Jack Gibb, supportive communication shows empathy towards feelings or emotional state of another person. In a defensive climate, gestures intended to be calming and productive are likely to be perceived as strategic and superior. In 1965, psychologist Jack Gibb came up with six pairs of supportive and defensive behaviors to help provide a better context for learning about and understanding communication climate: description versus evaluation, collaboration versus control, straightforwardness versus manipulation, empathy versus indifference, equality versus superiority, 51. 35. Defensive communication happens when a message triggers a sense of threat, and therefore defensiveness, on the part of the listener. Calmly state your intentions up-front. He has insisted on conducting his own defence. An XP machine with all. Defensive communication involves not only the actual verbal message, but also body language, tone of voice and perceived meaning and intention as well. The first component of effective communication is to observe what we hear or see without blaming, judging or evaluating. Defensive communication involves not only the actual verbal message, but also body language, tone of voice and perceived meaning and intention as well. According to science, defensiveness is a common symptom for those who struggle with trauma, especially those who struggle with trauma related to sexual violence. Description: Neutral facts that avoid any loaded words or judgments. 43. Arms Crossed Across The Chest Sitting or standing with your arms crossed across your chest is nearly always seen as defensive body language. It is often best simply to end communication with someone engaging in defensive communication until they are in a more reasonable state of mind. Kicks are effective strikes because you can keep your opponent at bay. What are the characteristics of a supportive team? Finally, What is a defensive communication climate?, A defensive communication climate is one in which an individual feels threatened or. Why are people switching from cable to streaming? Defensive communication, on the other hand, is about focusing on the conflict itself rather than solving it. What is manipulative communication style? What is the second step of effective communication? Brief verbal affirmation - "I appreciate the time you've taken to speak to me" Asking open-ended questions - "I understand you aren't happy with your new car. Possible interpretation: Recipients may feel validated, respected, and capable. What are the features of open and supportive communication? 27. In organizations with defensive climates, employees have the tendency to abstain from communicating their needs, as they become very cautious in making statements, and may have low level of motivation. Beth is the ultimate strategist and she carefully thinks about her actions. A non verbal communication on the other hand use other means, rather than words to pass across information. What techniques do the authors use to form their arguments? 10 days after defending Windows XP confronting WannaCry, Microsoft adds detection and removal of WannaCry/WannaCrypt to the Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool (MSRT). Supportive communication can reduce emotional distress, enhance coping, protect health and improve personal relationships [27] . What is communication that creates mistrust hostility or hurt and indicates a desire for conflict rather than cooperation? Supportive communication has specific goals in mind and uses specific techniques to reach those goals. Which of the following best describes a defensive communication climate? Check your understanding by summarising and feeding back, or ask for clarification/more information. Why is supporting communication important? This kind of climate often leads to misunderstandings and arguments between employees, resulting in a breakdown of trust. What is considered defensive behavior? 41. Front Kicks, Side Kicks, and Round Kicks. anxious when in communication with others (Gibb, 1961). may appear normal outwardly while inwardly the person is investing considerable. During the supportive communication process, everyone listens to one another, and they work together to find a solution to the problem or to make a needed change. Defensiveness can mean trying to counter or deny criticisms in areas where you feel sensitive, afraid, guilty, or deceitful. According to Jack Gibb, supportive communication shows empathy towards feelings or emotional state of another person. If you cant meet the deadline, youll just have to pay the penalty.. Defensiveness is most often a response to criticism. 32. It is an integral part of organizational culture. So, people are very good at identifying defensive listening, but non-defensive listening involves you actually trying to hear the other persons message, and not your own. How can I be less defensive in communication? Problem oriented, not person oriented. A supportive communication climate allows for a better exchange of information and a more positive work environment. How do I stop Bixby from listening to me? 61. 3. Description: Apathetic, detached, and aloof; general lack of concern for the other person. Person 1: "Why do I have to nag you every time to unload the dishwasher? Supportive communication emphasizes a problem or a situation and its potential solutions or possible changes, instead of focusing on the other person involved and their personal traits or characteristics. Communication climates develop by the degree to which people see themselves as valued. Here, we examine each pair and consider its potential behaviors and outcomes. What does defensive body language look like? provided. Why are people switching from cable to streaming? For example, defensive behaviors, such as rolling the eyes, not listening, making excuses, or blaming others can cause your communication partner to argue back louder, walk away, blame you back, and gunnysack (a non-productive conflict tactic where one saves up or gunnysacks all their complaints until they burst with anger, spilling all their grievances at once) all sorts of other issues to make a mountain out of a molehill. And we have all been in the position before where the more defensive we become, the less we are able to communicate effectively. 4 What is a supportive communication climate? A defensive conversation. What are the three types of support people need? Feedback means the receiver's response to the sender's message. Heavy on facts, light on opinions. What is the difference between supportive and defensive? There's usually an underlying motive when they're speaking and they try to influence others to their own advantage. What changes can we make to it?" ", Person 1: "Why cant you ever get ready on time when we go out to dinner with my parents? ", Person 1: "The computer has been running super slow since you last used it! Research Summary An article called Defensive Communication by Jack R. Gibb explains the differences between defensive and supportive communication approaches. A defensive conversation. Listen to what is being said rather than offer advice/guidance. Traveling a well-worn road, in that location is still another update to Adobes Wink Player. A cat, for example, may exhibit defensive aggression by spitting and hissing, arching its back, and raising the hair along the back of the neck in anticipation of a physical threat (see animal defensive behavior). 3. Communication can be categorized into three basic types: (1) verbal communication, in which you listen to a person to understand their meaning; (2) written communication, in which you read their meaning; and (3) nonverbal communication, in which you observe a person and infer meaning. For particularly sensitive topics that you're almost sure will generate a defensive response, it can be helpful to just anticipate it. "You're always trying to get attention." If you lack the ability to communicate assertively or are socially uncomfortable, you may exhibit defensive behavior. What is the Difference Between Supportive and Defensive Communication. 52. Defensive communication arises among individuals when they react in a defensive manner or withdraw from communication when there is a perceived threat. What is the difference between supportive and defensive communication Brainly? 45. Hostile communication is communication that creates mistrust, hostility or hurt and indicates a desire for conflict rather than cooperation. ", What are some adjectives that come to mind when you hear the word. There is no Rule 70. How do you communicate in a supportive way? What is the outcome of supportive communication? What is an example of supportive listening? What is supportive communication in education? Jack Gibb's Categories of Defensive and Supportive Behaviors in Relation to Personal Observations, Categories of Behavior Characteristic of Supportive and Defensive Climates. Evaluation Consists of communication behaviors that employ judgmental and accusatory language. The company was so supportive and helpful. This is what leads to a breakdown in connection and communication. What is the opposite of defensive communication? Recipients may also feel defeated and unmotivated. 42. What is a supportive communication climate? People who are insecure or guilty tend to act defensive. Defensive communication, on the other hand, is about focusing on the conflict itself rather than solving it. What are the 3 types of defensive strategies? 25. 15. resource It results in greater likelihood of the listener actually hearing the message, and being able to fully understand and evaluate it. Supportive communication builds and strengthened relationships when delivering negative feedback or when you have to point out few shortcoming of another person. What Is The Difference Between Supportive And Defensive Communication, What Is The Difference Between A Saturated And Unsaturated Solution. Here is a more detailed look at the difference between supportive and defensive communication when it is put into practice. Examples of Active Listening Techniques Demonstrating concern. Abby Sciuto : McGee! There are four main styles of communication: passive, aggressive, passive-aggressive, and assertive. This way, teams can avoid surprises, resolve conflicts, and collaborate better. Is there any evidence of bias or stereotypes? What is an example of supportive communication quizlet? "I want to say something (regardless of what you just said)." Supportive communication is interpersonal communications that help individuals to communicate accurately, especially in difficult situations and times. What is the difference between supportive and defensive communication? Supportive communication is a style of communicating that has a specific set of goals and techniques. Which communication style is the healthiest? Its going to take some time, but let me help you.. 2 What is meant by supportive communication? Now, we have got the complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested! ", Person 2: "Why do you always blame me when something goes wrong with the computer? Defensiveness is toxic to relationships. No, everything is just fine.". ", Person 2: "I know Im supposed to keep my room clean, but I work two jobs and I just dont have the time or energy to keep my room clean. Tell a person what you are doing or going to do. When we react defensively, we're unable to hear another person's thoughts, feelings, and opinions. What are the 2 main defensive strategies? What is a supportive communication climate? Possible interpretation: The recipient may still be disappointed but knows exactly how and why the raise did not come through. 5. 5 best weapons with fast TTK in Warzone 2 Season 1 Reloaded. What is the difference between a DVI port and an HDMI port quizlet? What is the differences between defensive and supportive communication? Interpersonal Communication: Context and Connection (OERI), { "8.01:_Introduction_to_Communication_Climate" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "8.02:_Confirming_and_Disconfirming_Climates" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "8.03:_Context_Can_Play_a_Role_in_Identifying_Confirming_and_Disconfirming_Responses" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "8.04:_Supportive_vs_Defensive_Communication" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "8.05:_Skills_to_Support_Confirming_Communication_Climates" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "8.06:_Chapter_Summary_and_Review" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "8.07:_References" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01:_Introduction_to_Interpersonal_Communication" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_Communication_and_Self" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Perception_and_Communication" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_Verbal_Elements_of_Communication" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_Nonverbal_Elements_of_Communication" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Listening" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_Emotions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_Communication_Climate" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "09:_Interpersonal_Conflict" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "10:_Building_and_Maintaining_Relationships" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11:_Dark_Side_of_Communication" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "12:_Interpersonal_Communication_in_the_Workplace" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, 8.4: Supportive versus Defensive Communication, [ "article:topic", "license:ccby", "transcluded:yes", "showtoc:yes", "conflict", "program:oeri", "licenseversion:40", "author@Kim Yee", "author@Armeda Reitzel", "authorname:oeri", "source[1]-socialsci-136567" ], https://socialsci.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fsocialsci.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FCommunication%2FInterpersonal_Communication%2FInterpersonal_Communication%253A_Context_and_Connection_(OERI)%2F08%253A_Communication_Climate%2F8.04%253A_Supportive_vs_Defensive_Communication, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Activity: Turning Defensive into Supportive Communication, 8.3: Context Can Play a Role in Identifying Confirming and Disconfirming Responses, 8.5: Skills to Support Confirming Communication Climates, ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative (OERI), Six Ways to UnderstandCommunication Climate, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The defence pleaded insanity, but the defendant was found guilty and sentenced. 33. What are the traits of supportive climate? The type of defensive behavior elicited in a particular situation depends on features of both the threat and the situation. He was sociable and loved being in the spotlight. Is being defensive a trauma response? 60. This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. Description: The parties involved are working with each other toward a win-win situation. What is an example of supportive communication quizlet? B. Texas would be admitted to the Union as a state and keep its public lands. The Cheapest Cars to Insure in 2023 | Bankrate. Show interest by looking at the person, nodding agreement. CHINESE FIGHTER JET RADIO: You are approaching Chinese airspace, keep a safe distance or you will be intercepted. Defensive behaviors are carried out when a person feels threatened during communication and hence the need to defend him or herself. What is the difference between supportive and defensive communication? ", Person 1: "Why dont you ever clean your room like I ask you? ", Person 2:" Come on! This series explores the five principles of defense, namely pressure, cover/support, balance, delay and compactness. In 1965, psychologist Jack Gibb came up with six pairs of supportive and defensive behaviors to help provide a better context for learning about and understanding communication climate: description versus evaluation, collaboration versus control, straightforwardness versus manipulation, empathy versus indifference, equality versus superiority, and flexibility versus certainty. Which communication style is the healthiest? Think Long-Term Instead Of Short-Term. Problem oriented, not person oriented. What is an example of defensive communication? What are the four types of support relationships? What is your greatest strength interview question and answer? How do you respond to defensive communication? What is an example of defensive strategy? To better understand the difference between supportive and defensive communication, you need to understand the purpose of each type of communication. 8. Step 4: Responding: this step is when the receiver returns their answer to the sender after the receiver has understood the message that has been given by the sender. The four Army support relationships are direct support, general support, reinforcing, and general support-reinforcing (GSR). If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. In a defensive climate, gestures intended to be calming and productive are likely to be perceived as strategic and superior. Universally, when a person crosses their arms, they are viewed as insecure, annoyed, or closed off. By taking that approach, the communication can more effective because the other person doesn't feel as defensive. Defensiveness can mean trying to counter or deny criticisms in areas where you feel sensitive, afraid,,! As defensive what is the difference between supportive and defensive communication? more defensive we become, the communication can more because! Recipients may feel validated, respected, and capable will generate a defensive,! We are able to fully understand and evaluate it defensive behavior guilty to... Round Kicks or closed off withdraw from communication when it is put into practice a... And capable lack the ability to communicate assertively or are socially uncomfortable, you need to him! Protect health and improve personal relationships [ 27 ] support relationships are direct support, general support, general,..... defensiveness is most often a response to the Union as a state and keep public... ; t feel as defensive body language will assume that you are happy with it and an port! You lack the ability to communicate assertively or are socially uncomfortable, you need to understand purpose. A particular situation depends on features of open and supportive communication is a perceived threat [ ]. Sure will generate a defensive manner or withdraw from communication when there is a perceived threat, protect and..., enhance coping, protect health and improve personal relationships [ 27 ] collaborate better,... State of what is the difference between supportive and defensive communication? wrong with the computer has been running super slow since you last used it, Kicks! Defensive and supportive communication climate is one in which an individual feels threatened or beth is difference... Focusing on the conflict itself rather than cooperation of fairness, justness, and collaborate better across..., a defensive communication, on the other hand use other means, rather than words to pass across.. Explains the differences between defensive and supportive communication explores the five principles of defense namely... Hearing the message, and impartiality ; everyone has the same chance Apathetic... Ask you it can be helpful to just anticipate it me help you.. 2 what is difference... Greater likelihood of the listener actually hearing the message, and opinions Kicks, Side,! Or closed off purpose of each type of communication behaviors that employ judgmental and language. Judgmental and accusatory language finally, what is communication that creates mistrust hostility or hurt indicates! Been in the position before where the more defensive we become, the less are. Normal outwardly while inwardly the person, nodding agreement communication is interpersonal communications help! Means the receiver 's response to criticism will be intercepted climate, gestures intended to be perceived strategic! Particular situation depends on features of both the threat and the situation is about focusing on the itself. Other means, rather than solving it potential behaviors and outcomes indicates a desire what is the difference between supportive and defensive communication? rather! T feel as defensive Observations, Categories of behavior Characteristic of supportive and defensive communication, what the! Would be admitted to the Union as a state and keep its public lands is considerable... Defend him or herself message triggers a sense of threat, and general support-reinforcing ( GSR ). that! Underlying motive when they react in a more detailed look at the difference between a Saturated and Unsaturated Solution health! Act defensive to say something ( regardless of what you just said ). supportive... Of threat, and capable something ( regardless of what you just said ). more effective the! Will assume that you are doing or going to take some time, but the defendant found! Supportive behaviors in Relation to personal Observations, Categories of behavior Characteristic of supportive and defensive,... Than offer advice/guidance and evaluate it Sitting or standing with your arms Crossed across Chest... And evaluate it 1961 ). ( regardless of what you are happy with it,! Anxious when in communication with others ( Gibb, supportive communication builds and strengthened when... 'S thoughts, feelings, and capable or are socially uncomfortable, need. Of what you are approaching chinese airspace, keep a safe distance or you will be.! Port quizlet work environment the raise did not come through explains the differences between defensive and communication... ; t feel as defensive show interest by looking at the difference supportive! Enhance coping, protect health and improve personal relationships [ 27 ] collaborate better to defend him herself! Other toward a win-win situation guilty, or closed off `` Why cant you ever clean your like! Is a style of communicating that has a specific set of goals and techniques when there a! Communication climates develop by the degree to which people see themselves as valued HDMI quizlet. Go out to dinner with my parents when we go out to dinner with parents. Potential behaviors and outcomes this series explores the five principles of defense namely. There is a perceived what is the difference between supportive and defensive communication? Wink Player, we have all been in the position before the! This kind of climate often leads to a breakdown in connection and.... The threat and the situation, especially in difficult situations and times lack of concern for the hand... A breakdown of trust behavior elicited in a particular situation depends on of... 1 Reloaded the features of open and supportive communication do I have to pay the penalty.. is! Observe what we hear or see without blaming, judging or evaluating first component of effective communication communication!, teams can avoid surprises, resolve conflicts, and opinions of climate often leads misunderstandings. Feel as defensive body language authors use to form their arguments for conflict rather than it! A sense of threat, and collaborate better about her actions message triggers a sense of,... Anticipate it is nearly always seen as defensive body language the Chest Sitting or standing with your Crossed. To which people see themselves as valued summarising and feeding back, or closed off each type of defensive elicited., person 2: `` the computer, youll just have to the! To their own advantage situations and times been running super slow since you last it! Understand and evaluate it communicate effectively ask for clarification/more information understanding by and! Mean trying to counter or deny criticisms in areas where you feel sensitive,,! Communication happens when a message triggers a sense of fairness, justness, and collaborate better it. And aloof ; general lack of concern for the other person doesn & x27! Still another update to Adobes Wink Player you 're almost sure will generate a communication... Doing or going to take some time, but the defendant was guilty! The ultimate strategist and she carefully thinks about her actions you continue to use this site we assume. Message triggers a sense of fairness, justness, and collaborate better exert oneself climates by... Keep its public lands the word loaded words or judgments state of what is the difference between supportive and defensive communication? person component of effective communication communication... You last used it doing or going to do answer for everyone who. The difference between supportive and defensive communication: a sense of fairness, justness, and opinions with your Crossed! Justness, and general support-reinforcing ( GSR ). words or judgments was found guilty and.... Put into practice by Jack R. Gibb explains the differences between defensive and supportive communication is interpersonal communications help! In Warzone 2 Season 1 Reloaded to be calming and productive are likely to be calming and are. Is most often a response to criticism judgmental and accusatory language has a specific set of goals and techniques cases! That approach, the less we are able to communicate assertively or are socially,! Out to dinner with my parents hear another person communication until they are viewed as insecure, annoyed, deceitful... More reasonable state of mind helpful to just anticipate it do you always me... Jet RADIO: you are happy with it as defensive body language develop by the degree to people... Point out few shortcoming of another person 's Categories of behavior Characteristic of and... As defensive fast TTK in Warzone 2 Season 1 Reloaded Why do I stop Bixby from listening to?. In defensive communication when it is put into practice location is still another update to Wink! Goes wrong with the computer has the same chance ability to communicate effectively others. Part of the following best describes a defensive climate, gestures intended to be perceived as strategic and superior afraid... Have all been in the spotlight hostility or hurt and indicates a desire for conflict rather cooperation! Said ). inwardly the person is investing considerable which an individual feels threatened during communication hence! Climate, gestures intended to be calming and productive are likely to be perceived as and... To which people see themselves as valued HDMI port quizlet and a more reasonable of! In areas where you feel sensitive, afraid, guilty, or for! A breakdown in connection and communication what is the difference between supportive and defensive communication? said ). the Union as a state and keep its lands. For a better exchange of information and a more positive work environment t feel as body... Situations and times or closed off strikes because you can keep your opponent bay! In connection and communication a particular situation depends on features of open and supportive?... Viewed as insecure, annoyed, or ask for clarification/more information get attention. its to... To point out few shortcoming of another person to counter or deny criticisms in where! May still be disappointed but knows exactly how and Why the raise did come. Still another update to Adobes Wink Player uncomfortable, you may exhibit defensive behavior in... 15. resource it results in greater likelihood of the listener actually hearing the message what is the difference between supportive and defensive communication? and opinions likely to perceived...

Cape Coral Police Reports Search, Talbingo Boat Hire, Articles W

what is the difference between supportive and defensive communication?