In 1869 Hickok became sheriff of Hays City, Kansas, where he killed several men in shootouts. The charge was later reduced to manslaughter. But although there was an uncanny resemblance between the two, plus stories of Jane visiting the child, Shadley lacked any documentation to back up her claim. The son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok, he was by all accounts a master marksman from an early age. There are many versions of the shootout that occurred at Rock Creek on July 12, 1861, shortly after the start of the Civil War, and all, in one way or another, contributed to Hickoks legend. He then joined General James Henry Lane's Kansas Brigade, and while serving with the brigade, saw his friend Buffalo Bill Cody, who was serving as a scout. Horace Hickok was born in October of 1834. By Jan MacKell Collins. The Harper's piece also told the story of how Hickok had pointed to a letter "O" that was "no bigger than a man's heart." James Butler Hickok was born in Troy Grove, Illinois, on May 27, 1837, to William Alonzo Hickok and Polly Butler Hickok. Hickok was of English ancestry. Calamity Jane. Hickok was born and raised on a farm in northern Illinois at a time when lawlessness and vigilante activity were rampant because of the influence of the "Banditti of the Prairie". Wild Bill Hickok was an American folk hero. "[49], Hickok and Phil Coe, a saloon owner and acquaintance of Hardin's, had a dispute that resulted in a shootout. "[citation needed]. Playing cards with his back to the door, Hickok had no clue that he was about to be murdered. [82], At the time of this affair I was at a station farther west and reached this station just as Wild Bill was getting ready to go to Beatrice for his trial. In one show, he shot the spotlight when it focused on him. Around this time, young James Hickok began using his father's name of William - the 'Wild' part came later - and he also met Buffalo Bill Cody, then just a messenger boy on a wagon train. At the time of the so-called McCanles Massacre, Hickok was known as Duck Bill because of his sweeping nose and protruding upper lip (covered with a mustache later in life). While at Castle City Jane went to Gilt Edge, some two hundred miles away, where she was jailed for being drunk. Personal account of the foreman of the Overland Stage Company stations, as given to, Judge Boyd told the jury, "The defendant cannot set up justification that he acted in self-defense if he was willing to engage in a fight with the deceased. She said she was the daughter of Jane and Wild Bill Hickok, and was born in a cabin near Livingston, Montana in 1873. The wagon train arrived in Deadwood in July 1876. In quick succession, Hickok was said to have then killed five members of McCanless gang and knocked out another before three more gang members threw him down on a bed, only to be bested in hand-to-hand combat by the knife-wielding Hickok. authorities, and after trial has been sentenced to death for willful murder. His father was said to have used the family house, now demolished, as a station on the Underground Railroad. Six months later Jane visited friends in Deadwood, stating Jessie had married and was living in North Dakota with two children. In June of 1887, the Cheyenne Daily Leader in Wyoming reported that Jane was arrested for drunkenness. Hickok waved his hand past Mulvey at some onlookers and yelled, "Don't shoot him in the back; he is drunk." Bill and Jane are buried next to each other in Deadwoods Mount Moriah Cemetery. When a seat opened up at the table, a drunk man named Jack McCall sat down to play. Was he shooting back? Charlie Utter, Hickok's friend and companion, claimed Hickok's body and placed a notice in the local newspaper, the Black Hills Pioneer, which read: Died in Deadwood, Black Hills, August 2, 1876, from the effects of a pistol shot, J. Standing some 50 yards away from his subject, Hickok "without sighting his pistol and with his eye" rang off six shots, each of them hitting the direct center of the letter. Many people knew that Jane had a "crush" on Hickok but few, if any, knew that they were married. On July 21, 1865, in a shootout in Springfield, Missouri, he killed David Tutt, a skillful gunfighter who had been flaunting the watch he won from Hickok in a poker game. The bear attacked, crushing Hickok with its body. A month or so later, he left their honeymoon in Cincinnati for the goldfields of the Black Hills in the Dakota Territory, where he hoped to make enough money to send for her. Although the show brought Hickok some much-needed income, he was unhappy, began drinking heavily, and returned to the West in March 1874. Children: Possibly two daughters; . Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. At the time, shooting stray dogs within city limits was legal, and a 50-cent bounty was paid by the city for each one shot. As a very young boy, Bill was born to father William Alonzo Hickok and mother Polly Butler. In July, Hickok told a newspaper reporter that he had led several soldiers in pursuit of Indians who had killed four men near the fort on July 2. "[46] Hoping to intimidate Hickok, Coe allegedly stated that he could "kill a crow on the wing". The town of Deadwood, South Dakota, re-enacts Hickok's murder and McCall's capture every summer evening. I heard him speak recently, and his is the definitive work on this wild woman of the West. At the [second] trial it was suggested that [McCall] was hired to do his work by gamblers who feared the time when better citizens should appoint Bill the champion of law and order a post which he formerly sustained in Kansas border life, with credit to his manhood and his courage. [9], In 1865, Hickok recruited six Native Americans and three cowboys to accompany him to Niagara Falls, where he put on an outdoor demonstration called The Daring Buffalo Chasers of the Plains. It is believed that McCanles arrived at the station with his son, Monroe; his cousin, James Woods; and James Gordon, a man in his service. John McCall ( / mkl / ); (1852/1853 - March 1, 1877), also known as " Crooked Nose " or " Broken Nose Jack ", was the murderer of Old West legend Wild Bill Hickok. When Varnes could not be found, McCall then implicated Tim Brady in the plot. Since he was actually shot in the back of the head, that plot element is a complete artifice of the episode writers. [66] McCall was acquitted of the murder, which prompted editorializing in the Black Hills Pioneer: "Should it ever be our misfortune to kill a man we would simply ask that our trial may take place in some of the mining camps of these hills." During the next several years he appeared in Buffalo Bill Codys Wild West Show, living off his fame as the consummate gunfighter. At 4:15 in the afternoon, a young gunslinger named Jack McCall walked into the saloon, approached Hickok from behind, and shot him in the back of the head. Witnesses confirm that the story was true to the extent the party had set out to find whoever had killed the four men,[e] but the group returned to the fort "without nary a dead Indian, [never] even seeing a live one". A highly fictional film account of Hickok's later years and death, titled Wild Bill (1995), stars Jeff Bridges as Hickok and David Arquette as Jack McCall, and was written and directed by Walter Hill. She has been labeled a scout, freighter, and gambler, a drunken dance hall queen and prostitute. This cemetery filled quickly, and in 1879, on the third anniversary of Hickok's original burial, Utter paid to move Hickok's remains to the new Mount Moriah Cemetery. This was during the Indian Wars, in which Hickok sometimes served as a scout for General George A. Custer's 7th Cavalry. Foxs visit coincided with the few weeks Jessie actually attended St. Edwards Academy in Deadwood. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [29][30], Two days later, Hickok was arrested for murder. Area newspapers reported that Jane named the boy Little Calamity. A freighter named Evans recalled watching Jane smother the baby with kisses, calling him Muzzies yittle snoozey [sic] darling. Jane later told others that Little Calamity died. Hickok chased and wounded the fleeing Gordon, who was then fatally shot by someone else (according to some by Doc Brinks, another Pony Express employee). Did Wild Bill Hickok have children? Hardin left Kansas before Hickok could arrest him. Wikimedia Commons Calamity Jane poses in front of Wild Bill Hickok's grave. Most modern retailers of Old West period clothing seem to sell only banded collared shirts, yet old photographs show cowboys did wear shirts with collars. Future Publishing Limited "[55], On March 5, 1876, Hickok married Agnes Thatcher Lake, a 50-year-old circus proprietor in Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. [40]:192, On July 17, 1870, Hickok was attacked by two troopers from the 7th U.S. Cavalry, Jeremiah Lonergan and John Kyle (sometimes spelled Kile),[42] in a saloon. Almost the entire town attended the funeral, and Utter had Hickok buried with a wooden grave marker reading: Wild Bill, J. [citation needed], Leander Richardson, a reporter, interviewed McCall shortly before his execution, and wrote an article about him for the April 1877 issue of Scribner's Monthly. After a brief visit from Hickok, who then rode off into the sunset, a sea captain named James ONeil happened to find her. Why were some shotguns called Greeners by cowboys in the Old West. Four of the men on the self-appointed committee who planned Calamity's funeral (Albert Malter, Frank Ankeney, Jim Carson, and Anson Higby) later stated that, since Hickok had "absolutely no use" for Jane in this life, they decided to play a posthumous joke on him by laying her to rest by his side. Tutt reached for his pistol but Hickok was the first to draw his weapon, and shot Tutt instantly, from approximately 75 yards. He told Clemmons (Hardin) to stay out of trouble in Abilene and asked him to hand over his guns, and Hardin complied. The story continued that McCanles invaded the Wellmans cabin and prepared to shoot Hickok, who acted faster and shot McCanles in the chest. McCanles may have been the first man Hickok killed. The way Wild Bill conducted himself in his later years was a direct correlation for what he did when he was a young boy. [9], Shortly before his death, Hickock wrote a letter to his new wife, which read in part, "Agnes Darling, if such should be we never meet again, while firing my last shot, I will gently breathe the name of my wifeAgnesand with wishes even for my enemies I will make the plunge and try to swim to the other shore. [59], The next day, Hickok was playing poker again. [51], Hickok was relieved of his duties as marshal less than two months after the accidental shooting, this incident being only one of a series of questionable shootings and claims of misconduct during his career. He usually sat with his back to a wall so he could see the entrance, but the only seat available when he joined the game was a chair facing away from the door. [15] He grew a moustache following the McCanles incident, and in 1861 began calling himself "Wild Bill".[16][17]. He claimed he was avenging Hickok's earlier slaying of his brother, which may have been true; a man named Lew McCall had indeed been killed by an unknown lawman in Abilene, Kansas, but whether or not the two McCall men were related is unknown. Martha (her name wasnt even Jane) had several husbands and a daughter, Jessie, who died in Los Angeles in 1960. Hickok's brother, Lorenzo Butler, traveled from Illinois to attend the retrial. Jessie later said that the Deadwood Chief of Police wrote her about Janes death in 1903. This made it difficult for the men to carry the remains to the new site. He was famous on the Deadliest Catch for his hard work, knowledge of fishing, and quick-witted humor. They traveled to Deadwood, South Dakota, together and were acquaintances, but there is no evidence of a romance (especially on his part). [12], While in Nebraska, Hickok was derisively referred to by one man as "Duck Bill" for his long nose and protruding lips. For confirmation that Hickok was employed as a U.S. Army scout fighting Indians in Kansas in the summer of 1867, see Ames, George Augustus, Russell, Majors and Waddell freight company, List of cultural depictions of Wild Bill Hickok, "How many men did Wild Bill Hickok actually kill? Even in death Hickok's legend grew. During the Civil War he found employment as a teamster and spy for the Union Army. Bath On December 9, Hickok and Lanihan both served legal papers on Macintosh, and local newspapers acknowledged that Hickok had guardianship of Hays City. Wild Bill Hickok certainly was: The man born in 1837 to William Alonso and Polly Butler Hickok found his superpower, expert marksmanship, at a young age, and went on to have all sorts of adventures. [73], Hickok's favorite guns were a pair of Colt 1851 Navy Model (.36 caliber) cap-and-ball revolvers. [38], In July 1869, Hickok returned to Hays and was elected city marshal of Hays and sheriff of Ellis County, Kansas, in a special election held on August 23, 1869. William Austin, the cemetery caretaker, estimated 500lb (230kg). He noted that the sound was similar to tapping a brick wall and believed the remains weighed more than 400lb (180kg). [citation needed], On August 1, 1876, Hickok was playing poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon No. They even did a stint abroad, performing for one season in Germany in 1862. Hickok has remained one of the most popular and iconic figures of the American Old West, and is still frequently depicted in popular culture, including literature, film, and television. [45], Hickok later said he did not know that "Wesley Clemmons" was Hardin's alias, and that he was a wanted outlaw. One account of him, written in the late 1860s, described Hickok as six feet tall, lithe, active, sinewy, [a] daring rider, [a] dead shot with pistol and rifle, [with] long locks, fine features and mustache, buckskin leggings, red shirt, broad-brim hat, twin pistols in belt, rifle in hand. Despite his rough-and-ready ways, Hickok was also said to have been genteel and courteous and to have enjoyed dressing with panache in the latest styles of the day. Hickok ordered him to be arrested for firing a pistol within the city limits. According to the Harpers account, Hickok, while guiding a detachment of Union cavalry through southern Nebraska, decided to stop and visit an old friend, Wellmans wife, at Rock Creek Station. Hickok is a playable character in the 2018 board game Deadwood 1876 by Faade Games. Hickok is known to have fatally shot six men and is suspected of having killed a seventh (McCanles). [9], Hickok used his late father's name, William Hickok, from 1858, and the name William Haycock during the American Civil War. Between her birth in the 1850s and her death in 1903, Jane left a dizzying trail as she blazed around the west. Born in Homer (later called Troy Grove), Illinois, James Butler Hickok . He wanted me to go with him, and as we started on our way, imagine my surprise and uncomfortable feeling when he announced his intention of stopping at the McCanles home. He was the fourth son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok. He was one of the early heroes of the West popularized in the dime novels of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. [j] Utter supervised the move and noted that, while perfectly preserved, Hickok had been imperfectly embalmed. While a Jayhawker, he met 12-year-old William Cody (later known as "Buffalo Bill"), who, despite his youth, served as a scout just two years later for the U.S. Army during the Utah War. That winter, writer M.L. His own show, The Daring Buffalo Chase of the Plains, did not fare well, but in 1873 he joined Buffalo Bill Codys The Scouts of the Prairie, which was based in Rochester, New York. Now, she said, both Calamity Jane and another famed woman of the west, Belle Starr, were her aunts. On July 21, 1865, the two men faced off in Springfield's town square, standing sideways before drawing and firing their weapons. ", Hermon, Gregory (1987). [3][4] James was the fourth of six children. A monument has been built there. Pard, we will meet again in the happy hunting ground to part no more. In the melee, Hickok caught a glimpse of someone moving towards him and responded with two shots killing his deputy Mike Williams. After the war Hickok continued his adventurous ways, at times just skirting the right side of the law. Nick McGlashan loved his family, friends and fans. [65][66], McCall was summoned before an informal "miners' jury" (an ad hoc local group of miners and businessmen). Hickok never fought in another gun battle. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. On October 5, 1871, Hickok was standing off a crowd during a street brawl when Coe fired two shots. Col. George Armstrong Custer. The White Buffalo (1977), starring Charles Bronson as Hickok, tells a tale of Hickok's hunt for a murderous white buffalo that follows him in his nightmares. McCall tried to . Just weeks later, on her deathbed in Terry, South Dakota, Jane confessed that she and Jessie were now estranged and declined to say where her daughter was living. before shooting Hickok in the back of the head at point-blank range. Take that!" A semifictionalized version of Hickok's time as marshal of Abilene Kansas, titled Hickok (2017), stars Luke Hemsworth as Hickok, Trace Adkins as the Bull's Head Saloon keeper Phil Coe, Kris Kristofferson as Abilene mayor George Knox, and Kaiwi Lyman-Mersereau as John Wesley Hardin. He was sentenced to death on January 3, 1877 and on March 1, 1877 he was executed by hanging. [6], Hickok was a good shot from a young age, and was recognized locally as an outstanding marksman with a pistol. To date, four children have been credited to the lady, although some of the claims have come from the children themselves. [57] The two possibly met for the first time after Jane was released from the guardhouse in Fort Laramie and joined the wagon train in which Hickok was traveling. [a][8], In 1855, at age 18, James Hickok fled Illinois following a fight with Charles Hudson, during which both fell into a canal; each thought, mistakenly, that he had killed the other. Alonzo and Polly Hickok moved to Illinois in 1833, finally settling in Troy Grove (known as Homer at the time), LaSalle County, along the banks of the Little Vermillion Creek. [40]:196, In September 1869, his first month as sheriff, Hickok killed two men. [i][68], Jack McCall was hanged on March 1, 1877, and buried in a Roman Catholic cemetery. Jan MacKell Collins is the author of numerous books about the Old West, the latest isLost Ghost Towns of Teller County. 3. Keith Bell Manchester, United Kingdom Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill Hickok. Under the name "Wild Bill Hitchcock" [sic], the article recounted the "hundreds" of men whom Hickok had personally killed and other exaggerated exploits. In 1866 Hickok helped guide Gen. William T. Shermans tour of the West, and in 186768 he scouted for Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock and Lieut. It was at this time that Hickok came across a bear blocking a road, an encounter that would become part of the lore surrounding him: Hickok shot the bear, which only angered it, and a struggle ensued, during which Hickok used a knife to slit the bears throat, but not before he was nearly crushed to death. Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill Hickok. (If said child had actually existed, he or she was said to . In 1954 an episode of Gunsmoke on CBS radio featured John Dehner as Hickok. [38], On September 1, 1868, Hickok was in Lincoln County, Kansas, where he was hired as a scout by the 10th Cavalry Regiment, a segregated African-American unit. [72] As of 2020, the flag is no longer flown. He drove freight wagons and coaches. Not having the courage to do it himself, he one day filled about 200 cowboys with whiskey intending to get them into trouble with Wild Bill, hoping that they would get to shooting and in the melee shoot the marshal. Hardin alleged that when his cousin, Mannen Clements, was jailed for the killing of two cowhands (Joe and Dolph Shadden) in July 1871, Hickokat Hardin's requestarranged for his escape. He is now at Yankton, D.T. "Doc" Howard, who had known Hickok, stated that Hickok had left Buffalo Bill's Wild West Exhibition "because the lights affected his eyes, so he had to give it up". [c] However, if they felt the threat of danger was real and imminent, he instructed they could apply the unwritten law of the "fair fight" and acquit. In the Clint Eastwood movie Hang em High, a tumbleweed wagon picks up prisoners to haul them off to jail. [19] According to Hickok's account, he found the road blocked by a cinnamon bear and its two cubs. The family did some moving around during this time period and the next child, James Butler Hickok, was born in May of 1837. Several sources, including Jessie, verify the child was born on October 28. Jane had been hired to travel with Kohl & Middleton Dime Museums; as she purchased her ticket out of town she told railroad agent A.O. [d] The jury voted to clear Hickok, resulting in public backlash and criticism of the verdict. B. Hickock [sic] (Wild Bill) formerly of Cheyenne, Wyoming. The son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok, he was by all accounts a master marksman from an early age. Wild Bill - Tom Clavin 2019-02-05 The denitive true story of Wild Bill, the rst lawman of the Wild West, by the #1 New York Times bestselling author of Dodge City. [46]:pp.5456[47], In August 1871, Hickok sought to arrest Hardin for killing Charles Couger in an Abilene hotel "for snoring too loud". Citizens warned Mulvey to behave, because Hickok was sheriff. Both towns had become outposts for lawless men before Hickok arrived and turned things around. Coe claimed that he was shooting at a stray dog,[g] and then suddenly turned his gun on Hickok, who fired first and killed Coe. McCanles reportedly threatened Wellman, and either Wellman or Hickok, who was hiding behind a curtain, killed McCanles. [54], Charles Snyder, the Lucien Howe Librarian of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, said "Granular conjunctivitis, ophtalmia, trachomacall it what you willwas common on the Western Frontier. We drove on to Beatrice and at the trial, his plea was self-defense; no one appeared against him, and he was cleared. All Rights Reserved. Russell, Majors and Waddell had not kept up with their payments for the station, and the gun-brandishing McCanles had come to demand his money from Wellman, who insisted that he did not have it and refused to relinquish the property to McCanles, as did his wife. 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